Linux Community Magazine

Ext3 (or extended file system) is used as the default file system for many of the Linux distributions. Since it is a journaled file system, it removes the need of running file system check after you encounter unexpected system shutdown. It also supports online file system growth and HTree indexing for large-sized directories. But irrespective of different security features it involves, the file system is prone to corruption. Its metadata structures might get corrupted due to several external and internal reasons. To solve such inconsistencies, Linux runs a boot-time fsck to detect and repair file system errors, if any. However, if it cannot resolve specific file system issues, you will need to run fsck manually or else use Linux Data Recovery applications to extract the lost data. As an instance, when you try to boot-up a Linux-based system with hard disk formatted to Ext3 file system, you might receive the similar error message:"fsck.ext3 Unable to resolve 'LABEL=boot"You encounter such errors after all hardware have been initialized and boot-time fsck is launched. CauseThe above error is likely to occur in any of the following conditions:Wrong entry of boot partition in /etc/fstab fileBoot partition is corruptedHard disk contains bad sectorsSolution You should apply these methods to troubleshoot such problems:Make sure that you have marked the correct entry of boot partition. To do so, you can boot into the system through installation disk and access the Rescue Mode.If boot partition corruption is the issue, boot the system using Linux installation disk and run fsck on /boot partition in Rescue Mode. Make sure that it is not mounted. Replace the hard disk if bad sectors are physical or first reformat it as bad sector might be logical too. After reformatting, restore data from backup.If fsck is unable to fix file system corruption and data is still inaccessible or you don't have valid data backup after reformatting the disk, it is recommende d to use Linux Recovery tools for data recovery purposes. Such Linux Data Recovery applications are competent to scan a logically crashed drive and restore original data safely.Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is a comprehensive data recovery tool for Linux-based system that provides safe Linux Recovery for Ext2, Ext3, and ReiserFS file systems. The application empowers you with advanced features such as, Ext3 Recovery, File Filter, Append File Header etc. It is compatible with almost all Linux distributions including Gentoo, SlackWare, Mandrake, Ubuntu, SUSE etc.

Hi everybody

Complete process is mostly done automatically. That doesn't imply that you just watch the computer do all work for you from start to finish.

At certain stages of the process, you are prompted to choose some options the system presents. Most questions you can answer easily, but there are some options which needs careful consideration to pick.

The options above are critical and can make the installation a total failure.

How do I know it?????

I tried it many times, and I found out the big difference. There are only two outcome of installing Linux and Windows XP on the same computer: Success or failure. No other choices.

If you want to ensure successful installations, here are 4 simple basic steps that will help you tremendously, and will make a huge difference in making the installation run smooth and produce the desired result:

1rst - MUST partition your hard disk in to 2 partitions using Windows XP.

This should be done, because in most cases each operating system should be on a separate partition.

There are some exceptions that two operating systems can work in the same partition, but it is not the proper method..

It is possible two have two Microsoft operating system on the same partition depending on their versions, but this will never work if one operating system is Linux.

So, if you need to install Linux and Windows XP on the same computer hard disk, you must use separate partition for each.

2nd -Install Windows XP First on a partition of at least 3Gigs. This is because Linux will recognize the NTFS file system used by Windows XP. So, Linux will prompted you to leave the NTFS file system intact or format it..

Once prompted if you need to format the whole drive, you will choose the option that keeps Windows XP installed.

3rd -Install Linux after you are done totally with Windows XP installation.

When you are done installing Windows XP, you will install Linux an another partition. Up until now, you have installed Windows XP and Linux on different partitions.

This will enable you to have a computer ready to be rendered a dual boot system that will give you the options of loading either operating systems: Windows XP or Linux.

However, you still have to complete one step to ensure a successful dual boot set up on your computer. In step four, I will explain what completes your successful dual boot installation.

4th -Edit lilo.conf file. After you are done installing both operating system, Linux and Windows XP, your computer will reboot. You will be amazed to find out that your computer is loading Linux without giving you the choice of loading Windows XP..

This situation is tricky and makes you think that the installation of the dual boot did not take place. This problem is resolved by editing a Linux file called lilo.conf.

Once lilo.conf is edited properly by adding a line of code that points to Windows XP operating system, you will be able to resolve the problem in order to be able to have a choice of two operating systems. Linux or Windows XP.

In Summary, don't spend countless hours installing two operating systems unless you take into account the 4 simple steps above. Hope it helped you.

In most cases, your email server is hosted by the same company that your website is hosted with. However, some companies prefer internal email servers. This ensures the ability to have permanent mail storage as well as having the ability to customise the size limits without incurring extra costs. Linux email servers are stable, feature rich and completely scalable.

Web-based Email

Linux email servers support POP3, IMAP, and Webmail access. These are universal standards that need to be available for flexible email access. With web-based email access you can access your emails in the office, or on the go.

Spam filtering

Spam has become a major issue on the net today and consumes costs and time. Linux email servers are robust enough to supply customizable features such as spam filtering.

Virus scanning

No business should go without fully-integrated virus scanning software and this is easily done within a Linux email server. With options such AmaViS and Clam AV your networked computers will stay safe from those nasty viruses.

Security

Linux email servers offer SMTP SSL Authentication and domain keys which help keep your server and emails secure. It is very difficult to exploit the Linux operating system, therefore your emails are safe and secure at all times.

Speed and Stability

Linux is a one of the most stable operating systems known today. Linux email servers are well known for their amazing up-time statistics and when it comes to efficiency you cannot go wrong as Linux boasts amazing speeds.

Scalability

With the Linux email servers using MySQL or Postgres as their back end storage, you can ensure that you will have enough room to keep expanding. Storage space is definitely not a problem when choosing Linux. With current common technology, your Linux email server can reach sizes of up to 16TB (terabytes).

Let CCS Africa help you set up your Linux email server today and enjoy the peace of mind that comes with the stability, speed and scalability of your new email server. Contact us on 0861 22 77 29 or email to get a quote today!

There is no doubt you have already realized that your PS3 is one of the best gaming consoles on the market today. However, it has the potential to be more than a gaming console. It can be turned into a very capable, fully functioning home computer. All you have to do is install a Linux distribution. Doing so is not has difficult as it sounds and it is perfectly legal and it will not void your warranty.

Installing Linux on your PS3 will create two partitions on your PS3's hard drive. Do not worry about this as it is perfectly normal and it is the only way to do it. You also should not worry about installing Linux on your PS3 negatively effecting your PS3's native gaming capabilities because it will not. You should realize that when Sony developed your PS3, Sony intended for you to be able to turn the gaming console into a desktop computer by installing Linux. You read that right. Sony even released a PS2 Linux kit back in 2002.

Once you install Linux on your PS3, there will be two operating systems on your gaming console: the native GameOS and the Linux OS. The native operating system allows you to play all the games by creating a channel of communication between you and the system's hardware. So when you are playing a game, scrolling through the cross menu bar (XMB), listening to music or watching movies, the GameOS allows for this to happen. Linux will run on top of the GameOS which will then provide the link between Linux and the PS3 hardware.

You do not have to know the technical details of how installing Linux on your PS3 will effect or will not effect your gaming console, but it is a good idea to know that the GameOS is the gateway as it provides you access to Linux and creates a sense of continuity. This means that you can enjoy a high quality desktop environment with your Linux OS.

Getting the most out of your PlayStation 3 is possible and it does not have to take a computer programmer to do it. It is not that complex and you will have aa powerful multimedia entertainment center. Visit geekedout.tumblr.com for more information.

The hard drives can be divided in one or more parts, known as partitions. The division of hard drive is described in partition table, stored in sector 0 of hard drive. Linux operating system requires at least one hard drive partition, namely for the root file system. It may use the swap files and swap partitions, however the latter are quite efficient. Thus, generally you may want second Linux hard drive partition devoted as the swap partitions. In some cases, improper use of hard drive management tools can cause data loss and need Linux Data Recovery to be sorted out.

On the Intel hardware, the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) that boots up your system and can generally only access first 1024 cylinders of hard drive. Due to the same, you may need to create third hard drive partitions if your hard drive is large in size. This partitions is generally mounted on the /boot, for storing kernel image and some auxiliary files required at boot time, so that BIOS can access them.

You can create the manipulate the partition table in Linux using a menu drive program, known as fdisk. However, this tool can not understand the GPT (GUID Partition Table) and is not work with large partitions. Fdisk understands DOS partition table and BSD/SUN disklabels.

The Fdisk automatically obtains the hard drive geometry, if possible. It is not inevitably physical disk geometry (as modern hard drive don't actually have physical geometry), but is disk geometry that is used for DOS type partition tables.

Generally everything works fine if only the Linux operating system is installed on your drive. But, in dual-boot configuration, you should let the Fdisk from other operating system create at least one partitions. While booting the Linux operating system, it considers partition table and attempts to derive what geometry is needed for effective cooperation with another operating system.

Before you proceed for any operation on your hard drive, it is recommended to create complete backup of your significant data. When you backup data using dd command, you need to be careful. A minor mistake may cause severe data loss and need Data Recovery Linux to be handled.

Linux Data Recovery is possible with the help of powerful third-party tools, known as Linux Recovery Software. The applications are particularly designed to carry out thorough scan of the drive and extract lost, missing, and inaccessible data from it.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most advanced tool for absolute recovery. The software recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, FAT16, and FAT12 file system volumes. It is compatible with all major distributions of Linux operating system including Red Hat, Debian, SUSE, and Fedora.