Linux Community Magazine

In Linux systems, all the system processes are carried out by the "init" (short for initialization) program. It runs as a daemon in the system and, usually, has process ID (PID) 1. During the boot process, 'init' is the last process to be executed. Sometimes, the system is unable to boot properly, as it cannot find 'init'.

This may happen if the 'initrd' (initial ramdisk) file system is corrupted because of various reasons such as file system corruption, virus infection, accidental system shutdown due to power surges or system crash, etc.

To overcome this situation, you may need to format the system, reinstall Linux and use the updated backup of the system. However, if you are unable to bring it back to normal then you should consider using a Linux Recovery tool.

Consider a scenario wherein you have a Linux system. You switch on the system, but it stops at the boot process. An error message is displayed, that is:

"Kernel panic: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel."

The error message suggests that system is unable to find initrd.

Cause:This situation may have occurred because of the following causes:* The 'initrd' statement is not present in GNU Grub (GRand Unified Bootloader) prompt or in Grub.conf file.* The kernel statement parameter 'root' does not point to valid hard disk or hard disk partition.* The 'initrd' file is either deleted or corrupted.

Resolution:To address this issue, you should perform following measures:* First of all, ensure that you have used the correct 'initrd' for GNU Grub that would be passed to the kernel.* Change the root parameter to the one that contains the root (/) folder. For example, 'root=/dev/hda3 if /dev/hda3 is your root partition.* If the 'initrd' file is damaged or deleted, use Linux rescue disk.* Use "chroot /dev/hdxy", where 'x' refers to the hard disk letter and 'y' refers to the partition number, command to change the root to your hard disk

If the aforementioned measure does not bring the system to its correct stage, then you should consider using a Linux Data Recovery tool to recover lost data. These tools facilitate data recovery for Linux systems using sophisticated algorithms to recover lost data.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery software is an efficient tool that recovers files, folders, and hard drive volumes. This read-only tool recovers data from various file systems such as Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, FAT16, and FAT12. It is compatible with most of the Linux distributions such as Red Hat, SUSE, Debian, Caldera, Mandrake, Sorcerer, TurboLinux, Slackware, Gentoo etc.