How to Obtain an Usable Copy of Gnu/linux (Linux)

How to Obtain An Usable Copy of Linux

There are many distributions of the GNU/Linux operating system. Many of those distributions are available online at their perspective distributor's site or mirror sites. This article will show how to obtain a distribution copy of Linux and make that copy usable.

In order to perform this task the following items are needed:

1) Available hrad disk space; 2) 1 CD or DVD; 3) An optical drive that burns DVDs and CDs; a burning utility such as Nero Burning ROM or Roxio.

Steps for obtaining an usable copy of Linux:

1. Select the best fitting Linux distribution for the needs of the system. There are many different distributions of GNU/Linux. The variety represents the different groups that are being targeted. For instance, some distributions simply general purpose desktops while others may be specifically geared toward the scientific community or multimedia. Research the different distributions and select the one that best fits the needs at hand.

2. After selecting the distribution to be installed:

a) go to the distributor's website;

b) navigate to the download page;

c) select the correct version for the system that it will be installed on (32/64-bit)

d) download the image file onto the hard disk. Remember the location the file was downloaded.

3. Most Linux distributions are saved into image files. The most common is an iso file. The image file must be burned to disk CD/DVD in order to be useful. DO NOT use Windows simple burning utility to do this. Windows burning utility will simply copy the image file to the CD/DVD in the same state that it is when it was downloaded. The burning utilties like Nero Burning ROM and Roxio have a special utility that will burn the image to CD/DVD as it was intended. So run your disk burning program and follow the instructions for burning an image to disk.

The end result you will have a bootable CD/DVD that can be used to install Linux on the target computer. Note that many distributions are also Live distributions, which means that you can run the Linux operating system straight from the CD/DVD without having to install it on the hard disk. This feature allows a testing of Linux before actually installing it.


0

How to Execute Windows Software Under Linux

How to Run Windows Programs Under Linux

One great way in which to help in the transition from Microsoft Windows and Linux is to be able to run those important Windows programs under Linux. There happen to be two main ways to run a Windows programs under Linux. One method would be by using a virtual machine (vm). Within the virtual machine you will actually run a full copy of the Microsoft Windows operating system with Linux passing resource control to the virtual machine. Note this requires a licensed copy of the Microsoft Windows operating system.

The other way in which you can run Windows programs under Linux is with the use of Wine. Wine is sometimes thought of a Windows Emulator, but according to the producers of Wine it is not an emulator but can execute Windows programs without emulating Windows, but by using its own files. The following is steps needed to install Wine on your Linux machine.

1. Downloading Wine: Many Linux distributions have a copy of Wine stored within their repositories. Following the steps for your particular distribution to download and install Wine is suggested. Alternatively, going to the Wine project website at

2. Installation: Many of the Linux distributions will automatically install a piece of software that has been downloaded from its repository. Those that do not will give instruction on how to install software downloaded from their repository. When downloading from , you will also find instructions on how to install the software. Many distributions of Linux come equipped with a software installer that is executed automatically when the proper extension is recognized by the Linux distribution. For instance, the installer will be executed when .deb is downloaded in Debian, Ubuntu and distributions based on Ubuntu.

Note that Wine is a work in progress and not all Windows program can be executed with Wine, but there are thousands that do and more and more are being added that can be.

Either method that you choose can be used but of the two Wine is more cost effective and the use of a virtual machine is more likely to be able to execute all Windows programs


0

How to Try and Use a Robust PC Linux OS for Free

There are other computer operating systems out there besides Microsoft Windows. The Linux family of Operating Systems has been out there for years. Linux has come a long way and now operates and looks like Windows except its faster, a lot more stable, and you can multi task without slowing down. Linux OS is free and so is all of the additional application you can install. The steps given below are to guide you in downloading the software and burn it to a CD. You can try it out without touching your hard drive. All you need to do is boot your PC from your CD. Your hard drive is untouched.

Step1:

Go to the PC Linux website: /index.php?option=com_ionfiles&Itemid=28 , select the download site, then select save to disk. The size of the ISO is approximately 698 MB.

Since this is an ISO file you will need software to burn the ISO to a CD. If you already have this software you can skip Steps 2 and 3.

Step2:

Go to: / to download the Imgburn software to your PC.

Step3:

Install the Imgburn software to your PC. This software is simple to use and will take your Linux OS and burn it to the CD.

Step4:

Using your ISO burning software, locate the PC Linux 2007 OS you downloaded and prepare to burn it to a CD.

Step5:

Place the Linux OS CD into your CD drive, turn on your pc and either select your boot drive or go into BIOS Setup to change your boot drive sequence to your CD drive. When you turn on your PC you will see something like: Select F2 for Boot Sequence or Select F12 to enter setup.

Step6:

As Linux OS is loading, follow the on screen instructions and in about 2 minutes you will have a robust PC Linux OS to try out.

Step7:

Make a decision if you want to keep it or not or even install it on an old computer. All your Word, Excel, Pictures, and Music files can be used on Linux. All software is included and even tons more you can download. Youll never have to buy software again.


0

How to install Linux in Windows

Many of Windows users are afraid of installing Linux near Windows because they are afraid of loosing their data and currently installed operating system; they are also afraid of creating partitions for Linux. But there is something what can help us - it's Wubi - the unofficial Ubuntu Linux installer created for Microsoft system. With Wubi Linux is being installed as normal Windows program; in addition, installation process is performing from Windows. Wubi is excellent for people who just want to try Linux avoiding messing Windows partitions. If user decide that he don't need Linux anymore, he just have to simply uninstall it, as any other Windows application.

To install Ubuntu Linux with Wubi installer, we must download it first - we can do it from Wubi official site: After entering at site we have to click on big "Download Now" button and after few minutes we have the installer on our computer.

When we have installer on hard disk, it's time to run it. On the left we must choose hard disk on which we want to install Ubuntu Linux (C: or D: - I recommend D:) The next step is to choose ammount of space, which we want to reserve for our new system. I recommend ~5GB. At "Desktop environment" section choose "Ubuntu". Now we have to choose our language, username and password which we want for Linux. Next we have to click on "Install".

Now Wubi will start downloading and installing cd image with Ubuntu Linux; it will take about 1 - 1,5h. After this, we have to restart computer. Ok, it's finished now :)


0

Report on VoIP

1.0 Introduction on VoIP:

VoIP is a method to build applications utilizing software and devices. It is just like that network, which carries it, and hence it is not an application. In a VoIP there can be special VoIP server hardware like the analog telephone adapter (ATA), or there can be programmable services that work like a PBX. According to this all the VoIP components must work for the protocol conversation that make the voice, human telephone conversations happen. This means all the VoIP components should follow the same protocol to make that happen.

VoIP is a protocol used to transmit voice over Internet and other packet-switched internet networks. Other names frequently encountered and have the same meaning like the VoIP are IP telephony and Internet telephony, other names like voice over broadband, broadband telephony and broadband phone are given when the network being used is a broadband internet network.

VoIP systems interface with the PSTN for allowing of transparent telecommunication worlwide. There are benefits of VoIP like reducing infrastructure and communication costs as by routing calls on the existing internet networks and avoiding setting up of duplicate networks. Telephony speech signals like digital audio are passed by VoIP systems which are typically cheap in data rates by means of the techniques like communication and data compression. They are packetized into small segments of tens of milliseconds speech and are encapsulated in a packet to transmit it over IP.

Since the first computer networks were developed VoIP has been a area of interest. In 1973 the voice was being transmitted using the internet. In the early 1980s this technology was provided to end users for sending voice conversations on the internet. Then in 1996 VocalTel Internet Phone software which was shrink-wrapped provided VoIP with some additional features like voicemail and caller ID. But this software did not offer gateway to PSTN, hence it was only possible to speak to a user who had VocalTel internet phone. Then the development of first soft switch began, these were developed to replace hardware telephone switches and to serve as gateway between different telephone networks.

2.0 Function of VoIP:

The facilities provided by VoIP would have become more difficult for implementation and can be expensive by using PSTN.

VoIP has the ability to transmit multiple telephone calls using the same internet connection. The services like conferencing, call forwarding, automatic redialling and caller-ID provided by telecom companies would be gained for zero or near zero costs. The calls will be more secure using standardized protocols. Internet connection is needed to connect to a VoIP provider, hence it is location independent. Using VoIP integration with other services that are available on the Internet, which include video conversation, data file or message exchange in parallel to the conversation, audio conferencing, managing address book. Advanced features like computer screen popup, call routing and IVR implementations are much easier and cheaper to integrate and implement.

3.0 Implementation of VoIP:

Transmission of analog signal using switched circuit is the basis of today's PSTN. In contrast to this VoIP networks transmit digitized voice using packet-based systems. As we can see VoIP is providing telephony services at compelling prices. [Syngress, Jason Sinclair, 2002].

Toll Bypass:

In contrast to the internet, PSTN provide voice services with heavy charges or tolls. Toll bypass is one such technique to avoid PSTN charges by using data networks, such like the Internet for carrying voice.

3.1 VoFR

It is a use of frame relay system to transmit IP packets having digitized voice data. Hence it is know as voice over frame relay (VoFR). [Sharma, D., 2002]

3.2 VoATM

It is a use of ATM network to transmit digitalized voice packets. Instead of carrying different length frames an ATM system carries small and fixed length frames known as cells. Hence the name Voice over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (VoATM).

4.0 Security:

VoIP is totally based on network protocols, and it needs to be evaluated from the same perspective when considering the security for a VoIP system [Jim Van Meggelen, Leif Madsen and Jared Smith, 2007]. But this is not to say as to traditional telecom security should be not kept in mind but here we need to give some attention towards the underlying network.

4.1 Basic network security

Single of the majority effective thing that can be complete is to safe access to the voice network. The employ of firewalls and VLANs are example of how this could be achieve. By evade, the voice network be made-up to be reachable only to persons or things that are in need.

4.2 Segregating voice and data traffic

If there is a requirement to have voice and data on the similar network, there may be a few values in maintaining them separately.

4.3 DMZ

Insertion your VoIP network in a DMZ can give an extra layer of security for your

LAN, while unmoving allows connectivity for applicable applications. In spite of whether you set up within a DMZ, any irregular traffic coming out of the network should be suspected.

4.4 Server hardening

Hardening your Asterisk server is serious. Not just are at hand are performances benefits to work on this, the removal of something not necessary will decrease the possibility that an broken vulnerability in the operating method can be utilized to gain admission and start an attack on additional parts of your network. Making Asterisk as non-root is a vital part of system hardening.

4.5 Encryption

Even while Asterisk do not yet fully maintain SRTP, it is still likely to encrypt VoIP transfer. For example, in between sites a VPN might be working.

4.6 Physical security

Physical security must not be unnoticed. All terminate equipments (like switches, routers, and the PBX) should be safe in a situation that can just be accessed by approved persons.

5.0 The Software for VoIP Application:

Asterisk is utilized as an open basis software PBX. At first it was developed in 1999 to meet a telecommunication requires. What meant to be an experiment had progressed into a worldwide phenomenon that changes the face of telecommunication knowledge now and the future. Today, Asterisk is the de facto criterion for voice switching and PBX function in open source space [Jim Van Meggelen, 2007]. Approximately there are 2 million Asterisk servers worldwide and rising. Asterisk gives you real-time connectivity on together PSTN and VoIP networks linking employees working from home to the office PBX over broadband connections. Never in the record of telecommunications has a system so well-matched to the requirements if industry been obtainable, at any price. Asterisk is a facilitate technology and, as by means of Linux, it will turn into increasingly rare to locate an enterprise with the intention of is not running some edition of Asterisk, in some ability, wherever in the netwo rk, solve a problem as just Asterisk can. [Jim Van Meggelen, 2007]

5.1 Benefits of Asterisk Application

Cheap call rates. Administer your telephone arrangement. Fast and easy growth. Situation Integration with business system or existing PBX and VOIP for major savings. No matter of proprietary system Guarded and lithe dial plan. Cheap cost contact to advanced phone Features

5.2 Benefits for Customer

Lower use cost free customer from sole vendor dependency. Provide freedom in system implementation. Eliminate upgrade-path costs. [Phil Lam, 2008] No per-seat license costs. Provides substitute avenues for bear/big fixes. Charge saving on calls.

Asterisk was produced and developed by Digium, Inc. It is a organization based in Huntsville, Alabama who specializes in the development of PBX hardware and open-source telephony software, most notably Asterisk [Digium Inc, 2008]. Digium was founded by Mark Spencer as Linux Support Services in 1999. Contract support and development for Linux were provided by the organization. As Mark did not have the resource to purchase a PBX for his own company, he decided to start writing one from scratch. In 2001, the U.S. economy was going through a period of recession, and as a result demands for the services provided by the company dried up. Mark then took the step to shift the company's focus on its fledgling open-source PBX product, Asterisk. The company was given a new name "Digium" in 2002.

6.0 Asterisk's Requirements:

The source code of asterisk can be downloaded as it is accessable like any other open source softwares, and compile the code by yourself. Asterisk get compiled easily on Linux but it will not even run on FreeBDS, Solaris and Mac OS X. [Ted Wallingford, 2005]. Used in combination with Digul's telephony interface cards, Asterisk offers a strategic, highly cost-effective approach to voice and data transport over IP, TDM, switched and Ethernet architectures. Digium's offerings include VoIP, conferencing, voicemail, legacy PBX, IVR, auto attendant, media servers and gateways, and application servers and gateways.

Many engineers had contributed for the code of asterisk programmed by mark spencer of digium. The engineers were from around the globe. Presently boasting over two million users, wide range of TDM protocols are supported by Asterisk for the handling and transmission of voice over traditional telephony interfaces, featuring VoIP packet protocols such as SIP and IAX. Signaling types that are used in business phones are suppported by U.S and European standard, and they act as a bridge between new-generation voice-data integrated networks and present infrastructure.

7.0 SIP:

SIP [J. Rosenberg, H. Schulzrinne, Camarillo, Johnston, Peterson, Sparks, Handley, and Schooler, 2002.] is a direct (or signalling) protocol similar to HTTP. It is a protocol to can set up and tear along any type of conference. SIP call control uses SDP [M. Handley and V. Jacobson, 1998] to explain the particulars of the call. SIP uses a URI7 to recognize a logical destination, not an IP address. The address might be a nickname, an e-mail address, or even a telephone number. SIP can as well be utilized to send immediate text mails. In the 1960s and 1970s, dumb terminals are used to admission applications on a supercomputer shared by a lot of hundreds of clients. Opening in the 1980s, it began to employ refined application on a PC, but it was also able to employ the PC as a infrastructure terminal to gain admission to applications and database on joint computers (servers) in the network. SIP hosts with a variety of degrees of complexity spirit perform a little function loca lly while allow us to contact application in the network. SIP user can interact openly with these applications.

By using the client-server model, logical entities are defined by SIP that is being implemented jointly or separately in a product. Users send SIP needs, whereas servers admit SIP requests, carry out the request methods, and act in response. The SIP design defines six request methods:

REGISTER allows either the user or a third party to register contact information with a SIP server.

INVITE initiates the call signalling series.

ACK and CANCEL hold session set-up.

BYE terminates a session.

OPTIONS query a server concerning its capabilities.

Registrar is a SIP server that receives, authenticates and accepts REGISTER requests from SIP clients. It may be collocated with a SIP proxy server.

7.1 SIP Soft phones Used:

X-lite, X-Pro and Eyebeam:

Xten Networks invented several VoIP softwares and soft phones. No VoIP test is carried in lab is completed without an X-lite, the company SIP soft phone for windows, Mac, and thin-clients setups. Xten also invented X-Pro, a fully featured business SIP soft phone for Windows, Mac, and MS PocketPC. Xten also produces Eyebeam, a SIP video conference phone. [www.xten.com]

8.0 IAX:

The Inter-Asterisk Exchange Protocol (IAX), currently is in its second revision, is used as a signaling protocol for VoIP networks, just like SIP. End-point and trunk signaling are also provided by this protocol. The main difference in between IAX and the SIP signaling family is that IAX does not implement RTP as the packet mechanism. Instead, IAX has its own way of packaging encoded voice. IAX is also NAT-proof, so dozens or hundreds of simultaneous calls from behind a masquerading firewall will function correctly, just as HTTP does. IAX is implemented in a far-simpler and less application-exhaustive manner than SIP and H.323. It is really intended just for telephony applications, while H.323 and especiallly SIP, include far more extensibility. Therefore IAX is much more packed. All the implementations has been done with as little as 64kb of code. When any IAX client wants to register with the IAX server or proxy, UDP port will be utilized. When again a call is placed, th e same UDP port is used. When again a voice transmits this port is used again. The IAX attaches headers and metadata in each packet that will define what the packets purpose is and whether it has a payload attached to it or not. By this IAX distinguishes between signalling, registration, and voice packets. IAX is an independent protocol created by Mark Spencer rather than a recommended standard like SIP. The specification of IAX has been accepted by the VoIP community though it is proprietary in nature. As a result it is quiet well used in Digium's products. Asterisk the open source PBX implements IAX fully. An ATA is manufactures by Digium too which is IAX based. Digium is also working on manufacturing hadrphones.

8.1 IAX Softphones Used:

8.1.1 Firefly:

Firefly is a softphone produced by Virbiage that implements IAX signalling. It makes it a fine choice for asterisk-based systems or for utilizing services like IAXTel which support the IAX protocol. [www.virbiage.com/firefly]

8.1.2 IAXComm:

IAXComm is an open source softphone for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. It is supported by IAX only. [iaxclient.sourceforge.net/iaxcomm]

9.0 Peoples involved in Asterisk:

Mark Spencer / Founder and CTO

While Mark Spencer was a computer engineering student in Auburn University set up a company known as Digium in 1999 with linux support systems. As he was a student it was difficult for him to own PBX, hence with his knowledge of C coding and Linux PC he developed his own PBX for his company. This phenomenon was the starting of an open source known as Asterisk. [Digium Inc, 2008]

As Asterisk attained popularity, Spencer turned his company focus from Linux to supporting Asterisk and expanding up the telecom market. Today digium is the leading open source telecom provider in the world. It happened with Mark using the fledgling start and renaming his company. Mark is know or regarded as pioneer for open source telephony and he gives regular keynote addresses to huge audiences.

David Deaton / Vice President, Engineering

Company's vice president of engineering post was filled by David Deaton in March 2007. Deaton is accountable for overseeing the growth of new Digium products; build upon the achievement of Asterisk NOW and Asterisk Business Edition.

Digium, creator and main developer of Asterisk, the lead open source telephony platform, and Skype, the lead global Internet communications company, has announced the beta version of Skype for Asterisk, which will permit the integration of Skype functionality into Digium's Asterisk software and allow customers to make, receive and transfer Skype calls from within their Asterisk phone systems.

"Throughout our individual histories, Skype and Asterisk have each disrupted conventional communication methods through innovative, cost-effective solutions," said Stefan berg, vice president and general manager for Skype Telecom and Skype for Business. [Digium Inc, 2008]

Particularly, the beta version of Skype for Asterisk is an add-on channel driver module that integrates Skype Internet calling with Asterisk-based telephony products. Skype for Asterisk too complement small and mid-sized business users' existing services on conditional low rates for calling landline and mobile phones around the globe.

10.0 The benefit of Asterisk

10.1 Functionality:

Flexible features are offered by Asterisk based telephony. PBX functionality along with advanced features and interoperatability with standard-based telephony systems , voice over IP systems are offered by Asterisk. The features which large proprietary PBX offers like voicemail, auto attenedent, conference bridging, call queing and many more are done by Asterisk. [Net hawk Pvt. Ltd, 2008]

10.2 Scalability:

VoIP balance or grows much further easily than customary telephone/PBX systems. Adding additional VoIP phone only require connection like receive calls via the office VoIP PBX as condition they were in the office. Asterisk can easily bond two or more branch offices using the Internet. No puzzling codes to dial; all users have their own sole extension. You can just dial directly. As your company expands and you demand more capital from your VoIP systems, there is no requirement to buy new Asterisk software. Server hardware can be improved and/or replaced whereas still retaining your similar Asterisk software, configuration, extensions and voicemail.

10.3 Maintenance:

Routine maintenance and moves-adds-changes will be performed by remote ways as Asterisk is IP based by any friendly representative. Simply a phone can be unpluged from an old location and pluged into new location . graphical user interface makes it easy for adding new users or extensions. [Net hawk Pvt. Ltd., 2008]

10.4 Cost:

Net-Telligence Group has included the Asterisk VoIP platform into a reasonably priced, cost effective explanation that is feature rich, easy to use, constant, scalable and trustworthy.

11.0 REFERENCES:

Configuring Cisco Voice Over IP, Syngress, Jason Sinclair, Martin Walshaw, Paul Fong, Eric Knipp, David Grey, Michael E Flannagan, Published by Syngress, 2002

Digium Inc, 2008. Available at www.digium.com [Accessed 9 January 2009]

iaxclient.sourceforge.net/iaxcomm. Accessed 13 January 2009.

Jim Van Meggelen, Leif Madsen and Jared Smith, Asterisk: The Future of Telephony. 2nd Edition, Published by O'Reilly, 2007

Net hawk Pvt. Ltd., 2008. Available at http://nethawk.com.pk [Accessed 10 January 2009]

Phil Lam, 4 October 2008. Available at http://communications.angsulong.com/why-asterisk [Accessed 10 January 2009]

SDP: Session description protocol, M. Handley and V. Jacobson, IETF RFC 2327, 1998

SIP: Session initiation protocol v.2.0, J. Rosenberg, H. Schulzrinne, Camarillo, Johnston, Peterson, Sparks, Handley, and Schooler, IETF RFC 3261, 2002

Ted Wallingford, 2005. Switching to VoIP. Published by O'Reilly, 2005.

Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Bur Goode, Senior Member, IEEE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL. 90, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2002

VoP (voice over packet), Sharma, D.Potentials, IEEE Volume 21, Issue 4, Oct/Nov 2002

www.cisco.com. Accessed 11 January 2009.

www.virbiage.com/firefly. Accessed 10 January 2009.

www.xten.com. Accessed 12 January 2009.


0

Australian netbook buying guide

You've probably heard about the latest notebook craze: mini-laptops called netbooks. Netbooks are small and not very powerful laptops that can be used for basic tasks such as word processing, watching videos, listening to music, browsing the Internet and downloading photos from your digital camera. They range in size from 7in to 10in and their diminutive body makes them an attractive proposition for travellers who only want something to dump their photos on and perhaps record a journal of their travels. But even some business users find them appealing because they are easy to carry and can be used while on the road and at meetings.

Don't consider a netbook if you want a laptop for multitasking or for running taxing applications such as Adobe Photoshop or Lotus Notes; netbooks are just not powerful enough for those sorts of applications. With a netbook you can run a basic photo editor to crop and rename your photos (and add a little contrast and brightness), run standard word processing and spreadsheet applications, watch standard-definition movies, listen to MP3s, surf the Web and use Skype. You can't edit videos, encode videos or music (unless you are prepared to wait a long time), and you can't check your e-mail while listening to music while working on a Word document while browsing Flash-heavy Web sites!

Most netbooks share some common specifications: a CPU, which is almost always an Intel Atom N270 or N280, 1GB of RAM, integrated Intel graphics, and a screen size up to 10.2in (although BenQ has an 11.6in model). Netbooks differ in their battery life (laptop battery), and the hard drive they use to store files. Netbooks feature either a conventional spinning hard drive or a solid-state drive with no moving parts. The latter sacrifices capacity but can make a netbook slightly lighter and quieter. It also protects your data better: a drop or bump is less likely to damage an SSD compared to a hard drive that has moving parts.

The operating system on a netbook is almost always Windows XP, but some business models also have Windows Vista Business as an option. Most netbooks are also capable of running Windows 7. Linux was the operating system of choice for the first netbook the ASUS Eee PC 701 4G but it has only been available on a couple of other models since (acer laptop battery, for example).

We've compiled a guide to help you find the perfect netbook, and provided an overview of the many netbooks that have passed through our Test Centre to help you decide which one is right for you.

Netbook specifications

Audio: All netbooks have a built-in sound chip (usually a Realtek High Definition Audio chip) as well as headphone and microphone ports. They also have built-in microphones and some newer netbooks, such as Fujitsu's M2010, have digital microphones that can filter out background noise. Some netbooks only have one speaker, whi le other offer stereo sound. The speakers in a netbook are not powerful and should not be relied upon (except maybe to quickly watch a YouTube video). Use headphones or plug in some speakers if you want to listen to music or watch movies.

Battery life: Most netbooks ship with a 3-cell battery that will last an average of 2hr 30min when watching videos, but some models ship with a 6-cell battery that can play videos for up to 5hr 30min. The battery life will vary depending on the tasks you are performing, but if you want a longer battery life then opt for a netbook with a bigger battery.

CPU: The first netbooks, such as the ASUS 701 4G and the HP 2133 Mini-Note PC, used Intel Celeron M and VIA C-7M CPUs. Now almost all netbooks use one of Intel's low-end Atom CPUs, usually the Intel Atom N270, N280, Z520 or Z530. The N270 runs at 1.6GHz while the N280 runs at 1.66GHz; the Z520 runs at 1.3GHz while the Z530 runs at 1.6GHz. All CPUs have a 512KB cache. The N270, Z520 and Z530 have a 533MHz front-side bus connection to the memory, while the N280 has a 667MHz connection. They are all single-core CPUs but have Hyper-Threading. This means they are capable of running two processes simultaneously, which aids multitasking. The Intel Atom CPUs run much cooler than the Celeron and VIA CPUs (the VIA CPU in particular gets very hot inside the small confines of a netbook). AMD has released a low-voltage chip suitable for netbooks the Athlon 64 L110 but it isn't widely used yet.
Expansion slots: Only a couple of netbooks have built-in expansion slots: Lenovo's IdeaPad S10 has an ExpressCard/34 slot, for example, and HP's Mini 2140 has an ExpressCard/54 slot. An ExpressCard slot is handy if you want to install a mobile data card for Internet access or a digital TV tuner, for example. However, USB devices exist that can be used for the same tasks. There's no need to buy a netbook with an ExpressCard slot unless you already have devic es that require it.
Graphics: Netbooks don't have dedicated graphics processors; instead they have integrated graphics adapters, which use the CPU and the main system memory in order to perform many of their functions. This means that you can't use netbooks for sophisticated 3D graphics processing. As a result, netbooks can't run many games (unless they are quite old and don't require complex 3D graphics). The most common integrated graphics card in netbooks is the Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 950 (GMA 950). Some netbooks use the Intel GMA 500 integrated graphics card, which has more advanced video processing capabilities than the GMA 950. It is often used in netbooks that have a digital TV tuner.

Memory card slots: Like most regular sized notebooks, all netbooks have an SD card slot that can be used to quickly download images from a digital camera.

Networking: All netbooks have built-in wireless networking, as well as an Ethernet port. The wireless networking spe ed is usually up to 802.11g, but some netbooks support fast 802.11n Wi-Fi. The Ethernet speed is usually 10/100, but some high-end netbooks feature Gigabit Ethernet. If you will only be using a netbook to browse the Internet, then 802.11g and 10/100 Ethernet are fast enough. Opt for the faster networking speeds if you will be using the netbook to serve data to a media streamer, for example.

Optical drive: Due to their size, netbooks don't have space for an integrated optical drive. If you want to install programs off a CD or play DVD movies you will need an external DVD burner that plugs in to a USB port.

RAM: The first netbook that ASUS shipped had 512MB of RAM, but the majority of netbooks now have 1GB installed. They can usually be upgraded (sometimes with difficulty) to 2GB. They use DDR2 SDRAM SO-DIMM modules and some netbooks have two SO-DIMM slots while others have one slot and some built-in RAM.

Resolution: The first Eee PC, with its 7in screen, had a resolution of 800x480. Common resolutions today are 1024x576 (for netbooks with a 16:9 aspect ratio) and 1024x600 (for netbooks with a 16:10 aspect ratio). The resolution of 8.9in netbooks and 10.2in netbooks is the same 1024x600. Netbooks with a 10.1in screen typically have a resolution of 1024x576. While it's a small difference, go for a model with the higher resolution if you can, as it will be more comfortable when browsing Web pages. Dell's Mini 10 and Sony's VAIO W series VPCW115XG (P/T/W) netbooks have a high definition screen with a desktop resolution of 1366x768, which is currently the highest resolution on the market for a netbook.

Screen size: The current crop of netbooks have 10.1in or 10.2in screens, but there is also an 11.6in model available from BenQ. The first netbook the ASUS Eee PC 701 4G had a 7in screen, and later models featured 8.9in screens.

Storage: Netbooks are available either with solid-state storage or c onventional (spinning) hard drives. Solid-state drives have no moving parts, so they are less prone to losing data than spinning hard drives if you drop your netbook. However, the solid-state devices found in netbooks are not as fast as 5400rpm spinning hard drives. They also don't offer anywhere near as much storage as conventional hard drives. Other advantages of solid-state drives are that they are slightly lighter, they run cooler and they consume fractionally less electricity. Choose a solid-state drive if you want a netbook that will run almost silently and without vibration and you don't care about storage capacity. Choose a netbook with a conventional spinning hard drive if you want a large storage capacity (conventional drives in netbooks currently go up to 160GB). Some netbooks come with both a hard drive and a solid-state drive. In such a configuration the operating system is installed on the solid-state drive and the hard drive is used to store programs and data.

USB ports: Netbooks can have up to three USB 2.0 ports, although some models ship with only two. Toshiba (in its NB100 and NB200 netbooks) has the most advanced USB ports on the market: they can be used to charge devices, such as the iPhone or an MP3 player, even when the netbook is switched off.

Video out: Most netbooks come with a D-Sub (VGA) port which you can use to plug in an external monitor.

Warranty: Most netbooks on the market have a 12-month warranty; the only netbook with a 24-month warranty is Fujitsu's M2010.

Webcam: All netbooks ship with a built-in webcam that can be used for Skype and recording YouTube videos.

Weight: The weight of a netbook will be 1-1.6kg, depending on its screen size, battery type and other specifications.

How we tested

We use iTunes to convert 53min of WAV files into 192Kbps MP3s, which helps test the strength of a netbook's processor. Our batt ery test involves looping a video file with the screen brightness at maximum and power-saving features disabled. This means the actual battery life you encounter may be longer depending on how processor-intensive the work you are conducting is and your power-management scheme.

Australian netbook guide

We specialize in substitute batteries and battery packs for laptops, camcorders, digital cameras, PDAs, mobile phones, and power tools, etc. as well as battery chargers!visit www.ibuynow.com.au

Netbook features, laptop battery life and performance Model Screen CPU RAM Storage Operating
system
Battery
size
Battery
life
iTunes
MP3 encoding
Acer
Aspire One ZG5 8.9in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 512MB 8GB,
SSD Linux
(Linpus) 3-cell 2hr 20min n/a Acer
Aspire One AOD150 10.2in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP 3-cell 2hr 10min 9min 33sec ASUS
Eee PC 701 4G 7in Intel
Celeron M 512MB 4GB,
SSD Linux
(Xandros) 3-cell 2hr 48min n/a ASUS
Eee PC 900 8.9in Intel
Celeron M 1GB 12GB,
SSD Windows XP 3-cell 2hr 32min n/a ASUS
Eee PC 900 8.9in Intel
Celeron M 1GB 20GB,
SSD Linux
(Xandros) 3-cell 2hr 10min n/a ASUS
Eee PC 901 8.9in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 12GB,
SSD Windows XP 6-cell 5hr n/a ASUS
Eee PC 1000H 10.2in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 80GB Windows XP 6-cell 4hr 13min ASUS
Eee PC S101 10.2in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 16GB, SSD Windows XP 4-cell 3hr 7min 18sec ASUS
Eee PC S101H 10.2in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP 3-cell 2hr 24min 8min 53sec ASUS
Eee PC 1000HE 10.2in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP 6-cell 4hr 31min 8min 58sec ASUS
Eee PC Seashell 1005HA 10.2in Intel Atom,
1.66GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP 6-cell 5hr 5min 7min 19sec BenQ
Joybook Lite U101 10.1in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP 3-cell 2hr 7min 56sec BenQ
Joybook Lite U121 Eco 11.6in Intel Atom,
1.3GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP 6-cell n/a 8min 20sec Dell
Inspiron Mini 9 8.9in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 16GB,
SSD Windows XP 4-cell 2hr 23min 8min 59sec Dell
Latitude 2100 10.1in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1.5GB 80GB Windows XP 6-cell 4hr 27min 7min 51sec Dell
Inspiron Mini 10 10.1in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 250GB Windows XP 3-cell 1hr 49min 8min 32sec Fujitsu
M1010 8.9in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 60GB Windows XP 3-cell 2hr 22min 8min 57sec Fujitsu
M2010 10.1in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP 6-cell 3hr 35min 10min 28sec HP
2133 Mini-Note PC 8.9in VIA C7-M,
1.6GHz 2GB 160GB Windows
Vista 3-cell 1hr 12min n/a HP
2133 Mini-Note PC 8.9in VIA C7-M,
1.6GHz 1GB 120GB Windows
Vista 3-cell 1hr 32min n/a HP
Mini 1001TU 10.2in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 60GB Windows XP 3-cell 2hr 20min 8min 4sec HP
Vivienne Tam Special Edition 10.2in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 60GB Windows XP 3-cell 2hr 20min 9min 7sec HP
Mini 2140 10.1in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 2GB 160GB Windows XP 3-cell 2hr 14min 7min 52min HP
Mini 110 10.1in Intel Atom,
1.66GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP 3-cell 2hr 10min 7min 36min HP
Mini 5101 10.1in Intel Atom,
1.66GHz 2GB 320GB Windows XP 3-cell 1hr 55min 7min 48 min Kogan
Agora Netbook Pro 10.2in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 2GB 160GB gOS
(Ubuntu) 6-cell 3hr 38min n/a Lenovo
IdeaPad S10 10.2in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP 3-cell 1hr 53min 8min 5sec Lenovo
IdeaPad S10e 10.1in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP 6-cell 4hr 7min 8min 22sec MSI
Wind U100 10.2in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 80GB Windows XP 6-cell 4hr 47min 8min 25sec MSI
Wind U115 10.1in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 160GB, 8GB SSD Windows XP 6-cell 5hr 22min 7min 58sec MSI
Wind U120 10.2in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP 4-cell 3hr 7min 58sec MSI
Wind U123T 10.1in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 2GB 160GB Windows XP 3-cell 1hr 43min 8min 16sec Pioneer
Computers
Dreambook Lite 7in VIA C7-M,
1GHz 1GB 40GB Windows XP 6-cell 6hr 40min n/a Samsung
n120 10.2in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP 6-cell 4hr 30min 7min 53sec Sony
W Series VPCW115XG (P/T/W) 10.1in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP 6-cell n/a n/a Toshiba
NB100 8.9in Intel Atom,
1.6GHz 1GB 120GB Windows XP 3-cell 2hr 17min 8min 10sec Toshiba
NB200 10.2in Intel Atom,
1.66GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP 3-cell 2hr 18min 7min 35sec ViewSonic
VNB101 10.1in Intel Atom,
1.66GHz 1GB 160GB Windows XP
(and Linpus Quick OS) 3-cell 1hr 57min 8min 01seccc


0

Resume

How to Make a Resume

Because of the volume of resumes employers receive; most of them now use some kind of resume tracking or applicant tracking system. This automates many of the tasks necessary for tracking candidates, and also makes it possible for an employer to find a resume they received months or years later. As a result of the technologies used, its important to keep your resume in a certain format that will be correctly read and interpreted by the systems. This used to be referred to as a "scannable" resume because of the hardware that used to scan paper resumes into the computer. Now, career websites and resumes received via email are "parsed" and stored in a database.
Once your resume is stored electronically, employers use keywords to match the stored resumes with their open positions. In order to find the resumes, employers (and recruiters) use keyword searches, usually a boolean search.
Because of the technologies involved in parsin g the resume, it is important to keep the format of your resume very simple and somewhat plain. This means that you should generally avoid fancy fonts, graphics and and other "special effects" that dont always make it through the technologies correctly, at least for your electronic resume (you might want a more elaborate version to hand out at job fairs, but it really isn't necessary). A resume that is not formatted correctly wont appear in a search for matching keywords, which greatly reduces your chances of landing interviews. I have seen some resumes come through with "gibberish" as a result of the writer trying to use charts or pictures on their resume.

Resume Format >>>
Here are some practical tips for formatting your resume:
Use a simple font. Do not use a decorate font. Times New Roman and Arial parse most accurately and are the "standard" fonts for business communication, which your resume is.
Use a standard font size. For business communications, fonts of 10 and 12 points are the norm.
Avoid using charts, pictures, tables or graphs in your resume. These rarely make it through. If you have information that needs to be in that format, consider an addendum to your resume or, perhaps, a web page that you have created that stores the information, with a link to the web page from your resume.
If you are applying for a job where it's important to show off your formatting or creative skills to land a job, such as a Web Designer or Graphic Artist position, distribute copies of your fancy paper resume at interviews. Better yet, send both a fancy and plain resume format, or create a fancy Web resume and portfolio, and include the URL in your emailed resume or cover letter
Technical Resumes - Tips, Samples, Examples and Templates

Your resume remains one of the most important components of your job search. A well written resume that gives the employer an accurate vi ew of your skills will help you stand out from the crowd. Here are links to some of my favorite resume tips, resume samples and free resume templates. I have also included links to some actual resumes of employees I have hired in the past for various technical companies.

Resume Writing Tips - How Not To Write a Resume
A recent poll of technical recruiters and hiring managers asked for the top "pet peeves" - things they see on resumes and cover letters that make them less interested in speaking with a candidate. These make great examples of how not to write your resume.
Use of the current "tense" in all jobs on the resume.
Writing the resume or cover letter in the third person.
Too many grammar and spelling mistakes.
Use of tiny, tiny fonts (10 pt or less) so as to cram as much information into the resume as possible.
Photos on resumes (this is a cultural preference).
A listing of their personal interests and activitie s.
Sending a resume attachment named 41808res.doc - use your name or descriptive label.
Writing the resume using table formats (columns).
Using a resume that is password protected (without sending the password).
Including references - but not professional ones - just friends and co-workers.
Having no contact information on the resume or including a phone number that is no longer valid.
When a candidate's email address is not appropriate for the work environment. Example: BigFoxyMama@.com
Resumes that are too long. Most seem to feel that general descriptions pertaining to work history for the last 10 years is sufficient.
Resume stuffing, for example, listing of every software application you've ever touched as a "skill".
Education written so its not clear if the degree was obtained.
Job hopping, which could be contract positions but it's not explained. (If you have been on short term contracts, make sure yo u clarify that they are contract jobs).


Top 7 Tips for Effective Resumes
Ever hear the saying "you never get a second chance to make a first impression?" Your resume gives a potential employer a powerful message about what kind of employee you would be. With only a few seconds to capture the attention of the reader and showcase your extensive skills, you need to make the most of your resume. Read on for resume tips and tricks.
1. Resume Tip 1: Spell Check and "Reality Check"
Before you submit your resume, make sure you give it a spell check using your word processing software. After you spell check it, have someone else give it a quick "reality check" to make sure that the spell checker didn't miss anything and to make sure that you didn't make a mistake that your computer can't catch. It is important that you get a second set of eyes to look over the document that could be responsible for your next job.
2. Resume Tip 2: Not Too Long, But Not Too Short
How long should your resume be? This is always a tough call. Some experts believe a one page resume is the perfect length. I would disagree, unless you really have few skills and experiences to share. Go into enough detail to give an accurate view of your skills, but not so long that the reader falls asleep. You do not need to list every project you have ever worked on. Summarize, but be inclusive.
3. Resume Tip 3: Formatting Counts
Have 2 versions of your resume available. One to be viewed online, and one to be handed out at in-person interviews and job fairs. Fancy formatting with pretty fonts, lines, boxes and bullet points just does not make it through on most computers. Anything you send or submit online should have very basic formatting (spacing and paragraph breaks, for example).
4. Resume Tip 4: Keywords are Key
When an employer searches a database, they use keywords. In general, they expect the results to be r epresentative of what they are searching for. This should mean a couple of things to the resume writer:
Include relevant keywords in your resume, because this is how you will be found.
Don't stuff your resume with keywords that are not relevant of your experience. A list of keywords that do not represent your expertise should be avoided.

Check out How to Make a Resume for more on keywords.
5. Resume Tip 5: Include the Basics
A technical resume should include the following information sections.
An objective: 1-2 sentences describing what you want, customize this for the job you are applying for.
Education: Any degrees you have completed or are working on, as well as relevant classes or certifications. Only include your GPA if it is very high.
Experience: List your past employers and/or major projects you have worked on. Start with the most recent.
Technology Summary: List only the technologies you know well.
6 . Resume Tip 6: Have Multiple Versions
If you are in more than one role (or have skills that may fit more than one role) you should have multiple versions of your resume available that highlight those skills. For example, if you have years of experience as a software engineer, and also have project management expertise, have two resumes: one highlighting your software engineer experience and another highlighting your project management experience.
7. Resume Tip 7: Make Your Resume Viewable
Recruiters and hiring managers like to search and "source" for candidates. If your resume (or bio) is not someplace where an employer can find it, then they don't know you exist. In addition to the regular job boards.

Resume Writing - Guidelines for New Grads

Resume Writing A Guide for New Grads

Purpose of Resume Writing
When you are writing your resume, it is important to keep in mind the purpose of the resume. The resume is meant to spark interest in you as a candidate. Your resume writing should be with the intent to get an interview, not a job offer. It is not meant to list every single course, skill or accomplishment you have. Remember, resumes get interviews, not jobs.
The resume should do the following:
Create a positive first impression. This is done by showcasing your communication skills and making the resume easy to read. The resume should be succinct and easy to follow.
Tell who you are. When you are writing your resume, you are telling the reader who you are and why they should consider you for a position.
Describe what you have learned. Especially for a new grad, your resume should highlight the courses and projects that are applicable for the job you hope to be hired for.
List your accomplishments. Your resume should highlight any special accomplishments you have achieved. If you made a 4.0 while working full time, were awarded a special scholarsh ip, or received special recognition of some kind, it should be listed under your accomplishments.
In order to make your resume pleasant and easy to read, you will want to follow some resume format guidelines. The resume format is important because you want to make sure to keep the readers interest and, ultimately, be called for the interview. A poorly formatted resume, one that is hard to read, contains many errors, or doesnt flow well, is not likely to accomplish your goal.
Resume Format General Guidelines
The following guidelines follow typical resume format and business letter writing standards. These a general resume format rules:
Font size of 10 or 12
Perfectly typed with about a 1 inch margin (even if sending via email, since it will likely be printed out)
Use only one font. You may vary size for emphasis, if necessary.
Do not use different font styles. If you need to call attention to something, you can bold it, but use this sparingly.
Avoid all-capital letters and italics as they are difficult to read.
Resume Format - Section Titles
Begin your resume with a heading which includes your name, address, phone number and email address. This is usually centered at the top or left justified.
Omit personal information such as age, sex, or marital status.
The resume objective states the position type you are seeking. It looks very professional if you tailor the objective to the position you are applying for. Other than that, don't make this section too narrow.
A well organized technical skills or career skills section can be placed after the objective. This should include skills in which you are at least proficient.
The education section should identify your training by listing the university(s) attended with degree(s) conferred, major, and grade point average.
The work experience section comes next and details the most recent positions or areas of ex pertise first and continues in reverse chronological order. Project experience can be listed here if you don't have any formal work experience. I also see many graduates add internships and their larger projects in this section.
The accomplishments section comes last and highlights specific areas in which you have excelled, including leadership activities, memberships, and honors or awards.
Before Writing Your Resume
Before you sit down to write your resume, it is helpful to think through a couple of points. The first is to think in keyword terms, because employers will use them to search for resumes.
Some general keyword examples:
Ability to ... (delegate, supervise, etc.), analytical ability, detail oriented, problem solving, results oriented, communication skills, team leader, lead
Some technology industry examples:
Software, systems, UNIX, Linux, SQL, Oracle, java, .NET, Operating System, CAD, Mechanical systems, Design, OO Programm ing, SDLC, coded, programmed, administered, engineer, programmer, developer, network, Cisco, Microsoft
Tips for Resume Design
The following tips for resume design will help ensure that your resume is easy to read and can be parsed to a resume database properly.
Keep the resume design simple. Using a standard resume template will help with this.
Use standard font styles (Times New Roman and Arial are standard.
Use a font size from 10 to 14. Font sizes of 10 and 12 are standard, with some titles and headings in a larger font.
Avoid 'fancy' styles (italics, underline, bold, fancy fonts etc.).
Do not use horizontal or vertical lines, graphics, charts, tables or boxes. They don't parse well to resume databases and they often print out looking funky.
Use bold fonts for section headings.
Use common names for section headings (i.e., Education, Experience, Technical Sills, etc.)
Put your name at the beginning of the res ume, with contact information on separate lines, immediately following the name. I cannot tell you how frustrating it is to have to read through the entire resume to find an email or phone number.
Avoid abbreviations, except for popular acronyms.
Be concise in your descriptions of projects and work experience. Longer is not necessarily better!
After the Resume
After the resume is written, make sure to proofread. See these Resume Tips for more ideas that will help ensure your resume gives the best first impression possible!
Print the resume out, to see how it looks for a manager that might prefer hard copies. Adjust any spacing as necessary. You will want printed resume copies to take with you to job fairs and interviews.
Sample Resume - Experienced New Grad Resume Sample
Resume Sample - New Grad
This resume sample is from an experienced new grad. Use this resume sample as a guide for writing your own resume.

James Shah
1255 University Avenue
Sacramento, CA -95825
(916) 555-1111
jshah@email dot com

Objective
To obtain a challenging internship/full time position in the field of Computer Science and Software Engineering.

Education
M.S. in Computer Science, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA GPA- 3.7/4.0
B.E in Computer Engineering, C.U.Shah Engineering College, India GPA-3.8/4.0
Skills Inventory
Programming Languages: BASIC, C, C++, VB6.0, PROLOG, COBOL, VC++, HTML, DHTML, J2EE, JSP, JAVA, ASP, ASP.NET, C#.NET, PHP, XML,JCL
Communication/Network Protocols : TCP/IP, Mobile IP, VoIP, 802.11
Operating Systems: UNIX, Linux, SUN Solaris, Windows NT, Windows 2000 server, HP-UX ,Mainframe
Database: Oracle 8i, SQL, MS Access 2000, FoxPro, Microsoft SQL server 2000, MySql server 5.0, DB2

Experience:
Intern Data Analyst, May 06-sep 06, Vision Service Plan (VSP):
Migration of Metadata web site:
Phase 1: Move the Old Web Site to new IIS server: Since the Metadata web site was running on old IIS box, we were facing the speed and crashing issues everyday. So the first phase of this project was to move the current structure of Metadata web site which is ASP pages and MS Access Database to new server.
Phase 2: Migrate the Database from Access to DB2: Due to the business need and reliability issues, Data base of Metadata was migrated from Access Data base to DB2 Database. I was responsible for designing the new database schema, conversion of all the queries into the DB2 compatible format, as well as change the ASP code to fetch correct data using DB2 database.

Phase 3: Change the Front end: To make the Metadata web site more user friendly, I have re design all the ASP pages and added some extra facilities which can help the user to find information easily. The new front end is more organized and meets all the standards of VSP intranet.
Projects

Data mart design and implementation for Engineering Dept of CSUS (M.S. Project): To maintain the quality education of CSUS, design the web site and accept the feed back from the users i.e. faculty, students and workers about the quality of education, current majors offered by CSUS, Courses offered, Lab facilities as well as the education level of faculty members using ASP.NET and store that data into data mart using OLAP facilities of Analysis Manager of Microsoft SQL Server 2005 and generate useful reports using Pivot tables of MS Excel. The current statistics are on MS Access 2000.

Data link layer: Designed and implemented a data link layer services using UNIX and C Socket utilities. The Project provides all the functionalities of the data link layer like flow control, error control using CRC-16 protocol, piggybacking, and compression using algorithm at client and server.
Executi on of the Instruction Using Pipelining: Using Hardware Language, Verilog, implement the 5 stages of the pipeline with nop as a detection and correction of the data hazard between multiple instructions, which are executing simultaneously in the pipelining and also generate the corresponding control signal using hardwired and microcode logic.

Voice Recognition: Software that can recognize the voice identifies the pitch of the tone and makes a graph of the comparison, and telephony application to record your messages. Online Hotel Booking: Developing a 3-tier application for hotel booking using J2EE, JSP, JDBC, My SQL Server 4.1 and HTML, Tomcat Server.
Design basic Compiler Utilities Using SML: For a given source code and grals grammar definition, provide parsing which can convert the given source code into abstract syntax, provide static semantic to validate the given code, provide dynamic semantic to generate the desirable result for given source code.
Solv e problem definition using various Algorithms: Develop various Algorithms such as Divide and Conquer, Backtracking, Dynamic Programming, Branch and Bound to solve given problem.

Design SRS for Iguana Vision Inc.: As a part of SDLC, Design the SRS document to specify the functional and non-functional requirements as they pertain to the intended product to be designed by Iguana Vision, Inc for Single Medical Provider Franchise. The scope of this document is to describe the proposed inputs, outputs, problems, proposed logical & technical solutions to those problems and project management aspects which can help to take design, development and validation related decisions. Here Client wishes to expand their medical practice by providing a single provider franchise license with turn key software to manage the business. One key portion of business management is the scheduling and management of client appointments for different types of services using Use case diagram, ER D, Data Dictionary, Class Diagram and UML modeling.
Relevant Courses:
Mobile Computing
Programming Language Principles
Advanced Computer Networks
Database Design
Data Model &Data Management System
Data warehousing and Data Mining
Software Engineering
Telecommunication Network Management
Algorithm and Paradigms
Computer Architecture
Data Mining and Data warehouse
Honors & Activities
Presented a National Level Paper on "Hacking" at C. U. Shah College of Engineering and Technology, Surendranagar, India.
Lead the Technical Committee in and organized Technophile State level symposium.
PROFILE: Sincere, Hardworking, Self Motivated, excellent written & oral communications skills, quick-learner, Team-Player, Able to adapt to new work environments & situations, possesses responsible leadership qualities.

Example of a Software Engineer Resume

oe Employee
555 Main Street
Sacramento, CA 95628
myname@myemail dot com
(555)555-1111


SUMMARY
A results-driven, customer-focused, articulate and analytical Senior Software Engineer who can think "out of the box". Strong in design and integration problem solving skills. Expert in Java, C#, .NET, and T-SQL with database analysis and design. Skilled in developing business plans, requirements specifications, user documentation, and architectural systems research. Strong written and verbal communications. Interested in a challenging technical track career in an application development environment.
Experienced in:
Engineering web development, all layers, from database to services to user interfaces
Supporting legacy systems with backups of all cases to/from parallel systems
Analysis and design of databases and user interfaces
Managing requirements
Implementing software development life cycle policies and procedures
Managing and supporting multiple projects
Highly adaptable in quickly changing technical environments with very strong organizational and analytical skills


EMPLOYMENT

E*Trade Financial, Sacramento, CA July 2002 Present

Software Engineer (Customer Service Systems)
Re-engineered customer account software systems used by brokerage teams. Web developer for user interfaces to trading inquiries, support parallel systems.
Developed and implemented new feedback system for users concerns, bugs, and defect tracking regarding use and functionality of new interfaces.
Coded web designed interfaces using Java, XML, XSL, AJAX, and JWS.
Support system for existing intranet for employees, including designing and developing the Advantage@Work system company wide.
Code and support provided through ASP.NET, T-SQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle 9i.
C ollaborated in the development of in-house development of new banking software interfaces. Supported existing legacy system to provide newly created cases and insured they were available in the systems in parallel until legacy systems were retired.
Intel Corporation, Folsom, CA Jan 2000 Jul 2002
Systems Programmer (Remote Servers and SSL Product Analyst)
Deployed and tested Remote Installation Services(RIS)-Server Installs on Windows XP.
Focused deployment of Server builds and handled some client builds.
Modified Visual Basic applications for use in post-server builds for customizing builds.
Researched RIS and Active Directory for future deployment world-wide. Presented findings to both the Networking Operating System Network Technology Integration team and the Microsoft Joint Development Team (JDP) at Intel. Produced a document binder for RIS and Active Directory to follow the project to the next team representative.
Wrote bi-m onthly progress reports, participated in weekly staff meetings and JDP team meetings designed to develop white paper processing.
Provide technical support to the SSL team, managing inventory.
Participated in testing and use of new SAP system as it was integrated into Intel.
Managed Chipset products for IO Business Units.
CSU Chico, Chico, CA 2000 2002
Business Department (Visual Basic Teaching Assistant)
Computer Science Department (Supervisor MS Office Suite Teaching Assistant)
Supervised all lab assistants, guiding them with student project development.
Provided one-to-one guidance with Visual Basic programming instruction techniques.
Wrote small program projects for assignments.
Presented structured learning labs where students could ask questions regarding Visual Basic Programming construct and syntax.
Prepared structured teaching guides pertaining to chapter material that complimented the lectures by the professor.
Provided customized software for tracking student progress throughout the semester. It included reporting for the professor on assessments, projects, homework, lab work, attendance, and overall grades.


SOFTWARE SKILLS
Experience with:
Databases: MySQL, Oracle, Access, SAP
Software: Microsoft Office, Remedy, Microsoft SQL Server, DB Artisan, Eclipse, Visual Studio.NET, FrontPage
Languages: C#, Java, Visual Basic, ASP, XML, XSL, JWS, SQL, and T-SQL
EDUCATION

CALIFORINA STATE UNIVERSITY, Chico, CA
BS Computer Science/ Business Minor
4.0/4.0 GPA
COLLEGE OF THE SISKIYOUS, Weed, CA
AS Computer Science

3 sample of General resume

Sample: Resume


FirstName LastName
87 Washington Street
Hopedale, NY 11233
Phone: 555-555-5555
Email: xxxxx@xyz.edu

EDUCATION

XY Z UNIVERSITY
Hopedale, NY: BA, American Studies
Cumulative GPA: 3.93

GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY STUDY ABROAD
University of Trier, Germany (Summer 2005)

AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
Washington, DC: Washington Semester in American Politics (Spring 2004)

RESEARCH AND ANALYTICAL EXPERIENCE

U.S. Department of Education
Intern, Office of the Deputy Secretary (Spring 2005)
Generated concise written synopses of current legislative action for use by the Department, Congress members, and the general public through the ED website.
Researched and presented to policymakers several successful school design and construction projects to support the Administration Schools as Centers of Community proposal.
Washington Semester Independent Research Project
American University (Spring 2004)
Examined how the increasing dependence of needy students on federal loans instead of grants for higher education has affected college access and enrollment; culminating in 65-page paper
Historical Society of Saratoga Springs
Research Assistant (Spring 2003)
Researched archival materials, wrote text panels and selected objects for a historical exhibit on Saratoga in the 1930s

LEADERSHIP EXPERIENCE

Vice President/Academic Affairs
Student Government Association, XYZ University (2003-2004)
Chaired 60-member body representing each academic department and student perspectives on curricular issues
Participated in college-wide policy decisions concerning such ethical issues as the sale of cigarettes on campus
Made detailed oral and written presentations of curricular reform actions in public student fora
Presidential Search Committee
XYZ University (2002-2004)
Served as one of two students on a college-wide committee to nominate the sixth President of XYZ University, through all stages including:

o A detailed self-study of institutional needs and goals to determine selection criteria
o Search for, and hire of, a higher-education specialty consultant
o Written evaluation of each applicant, interviews and final recommendation to the Board of Trustees
Honors Forum Council
Student Body Representative, XYZ University (2001-2002)
Set goals and guidelines for the first two years of Skidmore?019s innovative, comprehensive honors program whose mission is to increase intellectual engagement and academic rigor in students?019 freshman and sophomore years

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

Student Alumni Society: Founding Member (2002-present)
Committee on Academic Freedoms: Student Representative (2002-present)
Skidmore Orchestra: French Horn (2001-present)
American Studies Club: Secretary (2001-present)

COMPUTER/LANGUAGE SKILLS

Prof icient in written and spoken German
Extensive experience with Internet Explorer, HTML, Lexis-Nexis and Microsoft Office

Sample 2: Resume


FIRSTNAME LASTNAME
67-61 75th Street
Any town, NY 00000
(555) 555-5555 xxxxxxxxxx@aol.com 87 Washington Street
Hopedale, NY 11233
(555) 555-5555
xxxxxxx@xyz.edu

________________________________________

EDUCATION

XYZ University
Bachelor of Arts, May 2000
Major: Psychology. Minor: Studio Art
Hopedale, NY

BRITISH AMERICAN COLLEGE OF LONDON
Student during the semester of Spring 1999 London, ENGLAND


EXPERIENCE

Fall 1999 AMERICA READS PROJECT
Tutor
Assisted children ages 6-7 with the fundamentals of reading
Aided with capitalization, punctuation and printing
Read stories aloud, entreating children to addr ess content
Helped with other activities, from math assignments to art projects
Eased frustration by providing support and encouragement Hopedale, NY
1997-1999 XXX CAREER SERVICES

Office Assistant

Gathered alumni career surveys and updated hundreds of data files utilizing Microsoft Access
Maintained employer literature and credential, counseling and recruiting information files
Compiled materials needed for mailing of credential requests
Performed various administrative duties Hopedale, NY
Summer 1999 CITYARTS, INC.
Intern
Researched corporate and foundation funding sources, using resources at the Foundation Center
Drafted preliminary correspondence with possible philanthropists
Prepared grant applications and supporting materials
Helped with fundraising events such as benefit auction
Provided general office support New York, NY
Summer 1999 MUSEUM OF AFRICAN ART< /p>

Artist Assistant

Supervised young participants in painting workshop
Aided children in the creative process by providing support with painting
Assisted the lead artist in all phases of project implementation, from hanging canvases to cleaning workspace New York, NY
Fall 1995 NEW YORK PUBLIC INTEREST RESEARCH GROUP
Volunteer
Collaborated with others to rebuild a brownstone in Brooklyn under the auspices of Habitat for Humanity
Recruited others to participate in NYPIRG meetings and events
Posted material around the Queens College campus which advocated public awareness of issues Flushing, NY


SPECIAL SKILLS/TRAVEL

Microsoft Word, Microsoft Access, Netscape, and research databases, including PsychInfo. Travel throughout Europe.

Resume Sample 3: Resume/Student


FirstName LastName
email: xxxxxxx@xyz.edu

PRESENT AD DRESS:
XYZ University
Hopedale, NY 11233
(555) 555-5555 PERMANENT ADDRESS
155 Essex Street
Anytown, CT 00000
(555) 555-5555
________________________________________
EDUCATION

XYZ University, Hopedale, NY
Candidate for Bachelor of Arts, May 2000
Major: Government 3.83 GPA Minor: Business 3.87 GPA

The Williams School, New London, CT
High School Degree, June 1995

WORK EXPERIENCE

Merrill Lynch & Co. Inc., New Haven CT, Summer 1999
Completed a rigorous internship working closely with retail and institutional brokers examining US markets and industries. Researched and analyzed equities, derivatives, and bonds utilizing Merrill Lynch computer systems.

Hartford Superior Court, Hartford CT, Summer 1998
Conducted in-depth project studying daily flow within the courthouse including data collection and analysis utilizin g Microsoft Excel. Participated in data correction and filing in both criminal and civil case flow offices.

ACTIVITIES/SERVICE

Social Integrity Board Chairman, XYZ University, Fall 1999 Present
Appointed by Student Government Association Executive Committee and confirmed by Student Senate as member of Social Integrity Board. Adjudicate and sanction students in violation of the XXX Student Codes of Conduct. Lead board members in delivering opinions and sanctions to students in hearings and written form. Conduct cases in close collaboration with Head of Residential Life and examine XXX's social policies and honor code.

Student Speakers Bureau Member, XYZ University, Fall 1998 Present
Allocate funds to various organizations throughout the XXX community to bring speakers to campus.

COMPUTER SKILLS

Microsoft Office 2000
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Access Po werPoint
WordPerfect
Lotus 1-2-3 I.E. 4.0 and Netscape 4.6
Adobe PhotoShop 5.0
HTML/Web Publishing


0

Taxonomy of Web Hosting Terms

Almost every one has the knowledge of present internet scenario! How fast it is!!? A bud of web pages nurture to trillions of pages on the Internet, providing several hosting plans to choose from under which comes affordable web hosting, Cheap Web hosting, ASP Web Hosting, Budget Hosting, Dedicated Servers, eCommerce Hosting, FrontPage Web Hosting, Hosting With Templates, Managed Web Hosting, PHP Web Hosting, Reseller Hosting, Shared Hosting, Unix / Linux Hosting, Virtual Private Servers, Windows Hosting, Co-location Hosting and few others.

Above mentioned are the few web hosting terms which reflects several faces of web hosting. The entire highlighted web hosting plans and terminologies can be categorized in terms of cost, programming languages, operation systems, Web servers, and functionality.

Broad description is given below:

1. Cost:

Web hosting plans are mentioned and divided between affordable web hosting, budget hosting and cheap web hosting. Cost of web hosting is the prime aspect that several small budget site holders are looking for. On displaying the cost of Affordable web hosting, budget hosting or cheap web hosting plan one will come to know that it is less than $5 a month.
2. Programming Languages:

When a user wants to make his/her site dynamic and interactive, he/she should search for hosting plans that support the programming languages that user have command over. Usually applicable languages are PHP, ASP, JSP, PERL etc. Hosting plans assisting such programming languages are called PHP Web hosting, ASP Web hosting, JSP Web hosting or PERL Web hosting.

3. Operating Systems:

After selecting suitable programming language(s), user still has sovereignty to choose the operating system that can host the concern websites. Moreover, as everybody that ASP is restricted to Microsoft Windows, further programming languages, PHP, JSP and PERL; work not only on Windows, but also on UNIX and Linux. Hosting plans assisting particular operating system is termed as Window Hosting, UNIX hosting or rather Linux hosting.

4. Web Servers:

Talking about web servers, Apache is the most widely supported Web server in Web hosting industry. It operates only on Microsoft Internet Information Server or IIS server. For JSP hosting, Web logic or Web sphere is the main requirement. When ever there is any discussion related to Web servers, the main attraction is server performance. There are several solutions available like Managed Web Hosting, Shared Hosting, Dedicated Servers, or Virtual Private Servers (VPS). Out of these shared hosting is the cheapest plan, and one can host as many sites as he/she likes with a Reseller Hosting option. The cost of VPS is just $50 a month, and Dedicated Server plan costs from $50 - $100 or more per month depending upon storage space and bandwidth of the hosting plan.

5. Functionality:

In the market, one can find several hosting plans which either makes the site creation simple or rather offer assistance for the protection of online transactions. Creating a simple website can be a game of certain hours if the hosting plan selected by user supports assorted templates.

Thus on the hope that this article will definitely serve its users we wish best of luck.


0

Basic Concepts of Web Hosts

The one who wants to enter in this web world and desires for a long time survival, then he/she should be familiar with each and every terminology used in this field. If user considers all the important factors before choosing a hosting plan then only he/she will be able to have a successful future in this world .User should not choose any of the plan, rather he/she should opt the best and most suitable one and this can only be made possible by fetching more and more informations and also by studying properly all the requirements. New comers should start from the basics .They should learn the meaning of each and every term used and also in addition those factors that can affect his/her selection.

Web Host

Web host refers to a computer connected to the internet. Web host can also be termed as web server. The computer that is playing the role of the web server needs to be more powerful than normal PCs and the function of this web server is to serve up websites.
The website content of the user will remain will on this computer, so as the people who are surfing on the internet can get a way to access his/her website.

There can be three main categories in which the web host can be classified based on the economic factor and common features:

1. Free Hosts:

The users who are not professional but are making website only as a hobby then for them free hosting can be a good option. In free hosting space, bandwidth and other features provided are very limited. With free web hosting one can not only make his/her website successful but is also suitable for personal websites or for temporary usage. Generally free hosting enforces pop-up, text or banner ads. Reliability, best performance and customer support lacks in case of free hosting as well. When a user registers for a free host then the word free host gets added with the users domain name that gives an adverse effect in the eye of the visitors.

2. Shared Hosts:

The next type of the web hosting to be discussed is shared hosting. This hosting service is used by many of the web sites .This type of hosting service is Suitable for personal, small and medium businesses. This service can be used by paying $1 to $25 per month. The features provided by this service vary from very limited space/bandwidth to semi-dedicated servers. The users host their website by this type of hosting service and it has its own top level domain facility. No doubt that shared web hosting is quite better than free hosting but still it does not provide 100% satisfactory services. In case of shared hosting one server is shared by the number of websites so its performance and availability gets affected. More websites usually means less performance. If less number of websites are hosted by one server then it will be more expensive, but in this case there are more chances of reliability. There are many companies allowing customers to host multiple websites with differ ent domains under a single account.

3. Dedicated Hosts:

The next type of hosting is dedicated hosting. This type of hosting is most reliable hosting. In this type of hosting a full server is dedicated to a single customer. Generally this type of hosting is used by large businesses, professionals and very active websites dealing with thousands of visitors daily. The customers having dedicated hosting can have their total control over the server as well as able to create as many websites as they like. Customers can run their own hosting company on a rented dedicated server. Payment module is mentioned according to specifications and services provided with the server, which varies from $100 up to about $800 dollars per month.
4. Collocated Hosts:

Now the other type of hosting service to be discussed is collocated hosting. This service is very much similar to dedicated hosting. The difference between collocated hosting and dedicated hosting is that in collocated hosting the customer owns the server hardware instead of renting it. In this service the server will be placed in providers data center. This service is more expensive than dedicated hosting.

5. Reseller Hosts:

In reseller hosting the providers offers web server storage to their customers, and resells the web server storage to them. Generally providers offer resellers a discount price.

6. Other Hosts:

Including the above type of hosts there are also many other hosts such as email hosts, media hosts, data hosts, etc but these hosts will not be discussed in this article.

Domain Name

Domain name is the name which shows the place where ones website is located. The actual address of the website is a set of numbers. Each and every web server has its own unique address. Domain name indicates the real addresses of every websites. One can easily remember the domain name of any of the website. Remembering domain name is easier than recalling the IP addresses.

Space / Storage

Space is one of the services provided by the web host. It plays a very important role in the website development. It happens many times that the customer requires more space but the host fails to provide it, so customer should be very careful while choosing the web host. Storage is the amount of web servers disk space available for customers website files, images and databases. Space can be according to the requirement; it can be as small as 5MB in some free hosts and as big as 300GB for some dedicated servers. Earlier prices of the space were very high but prices reduced significantly during the last few years. The hosting plans offering 3GB of space for less than $10 a month can be easily available.

Bandwidth

Bandwidth can be defined as the amount of data transferred from web server to clients internet browsers. When ever a person outlook a page the data is transmitted from the server to that person PC. If any one is having audio, video and images in his/her website then the bandwidth consumed is more in comparison of the website having only text contents. The bandwidth available in free hosting can be as low as 100MB per month where as in some dedicated servers the bandwidth available is as high as 2000GB a month. The customers who dont want to pay more for bandwidth can easily find hosting plans offering 75GB of monthly data transfer for less than $10.

Server Type

Generally server means the operating system than runs the web server. Some common types are Windows, Linux and UNIX. Server type refers the server side scripting and database types. The difference between Windows server and Linux/UNIX is that Windows runs ASP and ASP.NET with Access or SQL Server databases where as Linux/UNIX servers usually runs CGI, PHP or JSP with MySQL or Oracle databases. The other difference is that Windows servers are more expensive than Linux/UNIX servers.

Databases

As server type is discussed earlier also, we are able to know that there are different types of databases available. The mostly used is MySQL as it is open source GPL (free) software and can serve a lot of online applications requirements such as forums, content management, mailing lists, etc. MySQL, rather its features are limited. MySQL is sufficient for small concern but it is not powerful for the complicated large business sites. Large business requires more powerful databases such as Oracle or SQL Server.
.
Server Side Scripting

Usually the new comers prefer to use PHP as server side scripting. The reason behind this is that there are hundreds of open source (GPL) PHP scripts that are able to fulfill the webmasters requirements. However PHP also has some limitations in features required by advanced websites same as in the case of MySQL, due to this limitation some professional web developers prefer to use ASP.NET or JSP. Some other developers still prefer to use Cold Fusion, CGI, ASP or PERL.

Email

Now the next very important aspect to be talked about is Email. At present no one can move further in this computer world with having his/her Email account. The one who is planning to do any kind of activity through computer such as to run a business or to provide any kind of service, then the first thing he/she need to do is to open an Email account. There are many hosting plans that include the feature of having some email accounts with customers domain. The availability of number and size of email accounts totally depends on the hosting plan one opted. Generally this feature is not included in free hosting. Small plans provide only about 10 accounts where as big plans do not have the limited number. Usually those email accounts are web based and accessible through POP3 clients as well.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

The other service is FTP. File Transfer Protocol is a usual way of transferring files across the Internet. Most of the webmasters used to upload and download their websites contents through FTP. The process of uploading or downloading is performed by using FTP client software. Webmasters require FTP username and password so as to access their web server. There are any hosts who use to provide more than one FTP account to their customers as per their requirement. Rather FTP is unspecified; it is not advisable as per the security reasons.

Control Panel

Control panel is the service available by many of the web hosting companies to their customers. It is a web based application that helps in managing websites. Some important functions performed by the control panel are that it used to manage email accounts, providing statistics, managing FTP accounts, managing domains and sub-domains and managing databases. The control panel application that is mostly used by the user is cPanel. There are many companies who use to develop their own control panel application.

Uptime

Now after having all the services, the thing of concern which remains is how the user keeps his/her website uptime most of the time. If anyone is having a website with excellent features but it remains down most of the time it will be of no use, as when ever the visitors visit his/her website and found it down then later on they will think twice before visiting it. In result he/she will suffer the loss of visitors. Uptime is very important feature of web hosts and that is usually measured in percentage. If a server remains down near about 30 minutes a day will have an uptime percentage of about 99.98%, which is acceptable for most small to medium business websites. If any of the business website is not having at least this percentage of uptime then that website is not suitable for a business website. Mission critical sites cannot tolerate frequent outages, thus they may use web monitoring services to notify web administrators immediately when an outage happens.

Price

Finally the factor left is price. In this option also there is a great variability found like for example customer is having option to choose between the prices ranging from 0 to $1000 per month. For most personal, small and medium websites the total amount of cost involved is just $15 per month. Thus its not at all advisable for business website owners to select very cheap plans let say less than $5 because this price can lead to huge cost indirectly afterwards.


0

How to Choose Web Hosting Reseller Software

In web hosting reseller business, the most important decision is choice of web hosting control panel software. Good web hosting software not only saves time or money but also it saves one from lot of frustration. There are several questions which are quite important while considering about the type of reseller web host. They are -What reseller control panel features should one chooses that reduces ones workload? What are the hosting software programs that are integrated with the reseller control panel or work with it? What are the website control panel features that ones client will like? Given below the comparison of 4 types of quality web hosting reseller software programs is given- Alabanza

cPanel

H-Sphere

Plesk

All of the above are the 4 types of reseller control panels that come with control panels for ones clients. They all are well equipped with several numerous features like advanced email management, web statistics, pre-installed scripts, multi-language support etc. All the above mainly work on Linux platforms, while H-Sphere and Plesk also work with Windows. As per cPanel website, a Windows version of cPanel is in development phase.

Other features that set these control panels apart are their degree of automation, the number of features and ease of use for the end user.

Alabanza:

When user becomes an Alabanza reseller, he/she not only gets the facility of a reseller account but he/she even can lease a dedicated server from Alabanza. Alabanza owns the control panel and the server, and one can easily resell directly for Alabanza. If one leases a dedicated Alabanza server, he/she can create his/her own reseller accounts. However, only the user can set up hosting plans; resellers below him/her will be confined only to hosting plans that user creates.

Alabanza offers resellers a very high degree of mechanization with its Domain System Manager (DSM), which can radically reduce overhead and time spent on routine tasks like Account creation, Billing and invoice management, Credit card processing, Domain registration, Email notifications and ordering fraud protection etc.
Even the beginners can sell hosting with this level of mechanization.

For domain name registration, DSM also integrates with bulkregister.com. However it does not integrate easily with other domain registrars.

A very important main feature that resellers use to offer to their client is the Xpress Product Suite, which serves as an important tool for web development and also works well as an email management tools. The Xpress Product Suite includes SiteXpress, which is a website-building program featuring more than 300 templates and even does not require web design skills.

Control panel for resellers and end users- cPanel is well known for its easiness of use and range of features. It consists of collection of more than 50 pre-installed scripts and Fantastico auto installer that assists clients to set up their sites even if they do not possess good web development knowledge.

A basic cPanel reseller account comes with two separate programs for resellers to manage their business:

Web Host Manager (WHM) is used to create accounts and packages, add and suspend sites, modify passwords, view bandwidth usage, park domains, install SSL certificates, and perform other administrative functions.

Now, from the resellers cPanel control panel, a drop-down menu takes the reseller to the control panels for each of the sites on the reseller account, including the resellers site.
WHM Autopilot is an additional optional program, by which one can automate account creation and suspension, email notifications, and other tasks. WHM Autopilot also integrates with common payment gateways and has a helpdesk, an invoice module, and other tools.

H-Sphere:-It is designed for both Linux and Windows platforms. Not only those resellers can even set t up plans for both Linux and Windows and administer sites on different servers from the same control panel. The control panel, which is actually a separate server, also provides administrative access to the integrated helpdesk.

The H-Sphere control panel provides utility in several forms like it enables server automates account configuration, credit card processing, domain registration, and email notifications etc. It also includes a built-in billing module and supports over 20 payment gateways.

From the resellers point of view, H-Sphere is equipped with a higher learning curve in comparison to other control panels because of its plentiful features example , when user is setting up a new plan, the administrator has two pages of features to select from, including setup and monthly pricing for optional services.

For beginners H-Sphere may look very much complicated for their needs. However for skilled users H-Sphere is like a complimentary feature. Main feature of H-Sphere is the ability to have control over separate domains with multi-domain hosting.

H-Sphere usually comes along with the website builder Site Studio, which guides users through a variety of style choices and stores content separately from the layout. Best part is for this no HTML or FTP knowledge is required.

Plesk:

Demand of Plesk is increasing day by day among users and resellers not only because of its quality of providing stability and security but also due to its simple navigation, clean interface, and its professional appearance. Moreover Plesk is available in versions for both Linux and Windows platforms.

With Plesk, all users like Server administrator , Client / reseller , Domain owner , Mail user etc use the same control panel but with different levels of control.

Each level of the control panel enables user control over both that level and the level(s) below it. It provides facility to Email users, to log into their mail user control panel so as to enable them to change their password, add auto responders, and change other personal settings without having access to the domain owner control panel etc.

Plesk handles Spam Assassin not at the domain level but at the mailbox level.
With this facility users are able to categorize email into white list or blacklist for each email address, which allows each email user to have individual settings.

One should have some automation available with his/her account, such as credit card charges, email notification etc. If ones Plesk reseller account is with a web host who offers HSP completely


0

Top 5 Linux Developments: Groklaw Calls It a Day, GNOME Unifies

 

Top 5 Linux Developments: Groklaw Calls It a Day, GNOME Unifies
Apr 13, 2011, 13 :22 UTC (2 Talkback[s]) (2202 reads)


"The Linux Planet never stops spinning, and this past week was no exception. We saw the end of an era at Groklaw, the beginning of a new era at GNOME and Linux continuing to push forward in the embedded market.

"We also saw more Android FUD being resolved this past week as Google once again reconfirmed its commitment to open source and Linux."


Complete Story

Related Stories:
How to install Gnome3 on Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty)/Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick)(Apr 13, 2011)
KDE's New Project for Portable Devices(Apr 13, 2011)
7.5 Reasons to Look Forward to Fedora 15(Apr 12, 2011)
Fedora 16 will not be a Beefy Miracle(Apr 12, 2011)
KDE Ships April Updates, Codename: Congrats(Apr 07, 2011)
GNOME 3.0 released: better for users, developers(Apr 06, 2011)


 


View the original article here