Linux Community Magazine

Supporting the MSA1000, 1500cs & 1510i HP2-K08 Test

HP2-K08

QUESTION: 1What is a characteristic of the read-ahead caching mechanism?

A. Every I/O goes directly to the respective disk.B. The data read from the disks stays in cache until it reaches a threshold.C. Every I/O goes into the RAID controller cache and in a background operation tothe respective disk.D. The RAID controller reads more data than requested from the disks, predicting thenext read from the host that needs this additional data.

Answer: C

QUESTION: 2Which statement is true regarding a dual-path configuration with a single controller?

A. It is not supported.B. It requires Secure Path software.C. It is supported without Secure Path software.D. It requires the Redundancy Manager software.

Answer: C

QUESTION: 3What are two functions of RAID level 5? (Select two.)

A. uses only one physical disk in the array for parityB. distributes the parity onto every available disk in the arrayC. distributes two different parities onto every available disk in the arrayD. usually has the highest cost per GB of usable space because it duplicates the dataE. has moderate costs per GB because it uses the capacity of one disk for parity per array

Answer: B, E

QUESTION: 4Which Fibre Channel topology is used for host connection with a single MSA Hub 2/3? HP2-K08

A. fabricB. multipathC. dual loopD. arbitrated loop

Answer: D

QUESTION: 5Which drive type is best for holding large amounts of reference data?

A. ATAB. SCSIC. SATAD. Fibre Channel

Answer: C

QUESTION: 6What is the operational configuration limit for Secure Path 4.0c for Windows in an MSAstorage environment? (Select two.)

A. a maximum of 20 hosts per set of shared storage systems (per profile)B. a maximum of 128 hosts per set of shared storage systems (per profile)C. a maximum of 256 storage systems shared by a set of hosts (per profile)D. a maximum of 32 LUNS per target with a maximum of two paths per LUNE. a maximum of 128 LUNS per target with a maximum of two paths per LUN

Answer: B, D

QUESTION: 7How can you extend the storage capacity of a logical drive using the Array ConfigurationUtility? (Select two.)

A. Add a hot spare to the array.B. Add a new disk to the logical drive.C. Add unused space from any array to the logical drive.D. Add a new disk to the array where the logical drive resides. HP2-K08

E. Add unused space from the array where the logical drive resides.

Answer: D, E

QUESTION: 8Which statement about MSA-supported multipath software is correct?

A. The QLogic Multipath Driver is required for Linux operating systems.B. HP Secure Path is required for all MSA-supported operating systems.C. The QLogic Multipath Driver cannot be used for Linux operating systems.D. HP Secure Path and the Microsoft Multipath I/O driver (MPIO) can be used for allMSA-supported operating systems.

Answer: A

QUESTION: 9What is the Storage Management Utility?

A. a replacement for the Array Configuration UtilityB. an alternate management tool for MSA1xxx systemsC. a dedicated management tool for MSA1510i systemsD. a replacement for the MSA1510i Command Line Interface

Answer: C

QUESTION: 10Which rule applies for spare drive configuration with the Storage Management Utility fortheMSA1510i?

A. A spare disk must be the same speed as the other drives in the array.B. A spare disk can be mixed with SCSI and SATA drives in the same array.C. A spare disk must be the same size (or smaller) as the other drives in the array.D. A spare disk must be the same type (SCSI or SATA) as the other drives in the array.

Answer: D

Original Resource :

Visit HP2-K08 Link : HP2-K08 Download PDF Link : HP2-K08

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The Internet is flooded with sites providing hosting services. In the store, you can use these sites to download your Web sites on the World Wide Web. You can take the services of a dedicated server or rent server space is very cheap and affordable price. Some hosting, such as personal Web hosting is free, but in this limited function. Web sites running on two different types of platforms, Windows-based platforms, and the second are a LINUX based platform. LINUX-based platform is relatively cheaper compared to beat those based on the platform. This is because Linux is an open source operating system, which means that you can download it for free from the Internet. xmpp server generally found to be very stable and solid.There are different functions, such as the place of storage, bandwidth and server access granted to you by LINUX VPS. In addition, jabber server offers better security as your space allocated to a server that is separate from other users. You can also ensure that there will be no abuse of the system by other users who have an impact on the functioning of Your Web site. On some servers, because too many users, which is always high. This means that your website will take time, high load, you may end up adversely affecting your business. Platform based on Linux are very powerful, downtime almost 99.9%.XMPP is the Extensible Messaging and presence Protocol. Previously it was known as the jabber server. The main purpose is to provide extensible xmpp instant messaging (IM). It is also used for maintenance and presence information to the contact list. Although it was not originally present, xmpp, was extended to support new features such as voice over the Internet and files. In comparison with other IM protocols, Specialization in xmpp is a protocol for open systems. This means that one service can integrate with other xmpp organizations ' services. Software and most other additional applications are available for free download.Built in XMPP uses a decentralized approach. This means that any person can implement and maintain their xmpp server; there is no central server to control the entire network. There are many security features implemented in xmpp. XMPP servers may be isolated from the public network. This is useful for running an intranet service. Tough safety specifications were xmpp software. Client-server approach is used in xmpp to facilitate communication. In this approach, any two clients will not be able to communicate directly with each other, but will have to communicate through a server. However, unlike some chat services, there is a centralized server controls all communications.You can also try the method of virtual private server hosting for an XMPP server. Extensible Protocol XMPP servers for messaging and presence and is used for message-oriented middleware applications. It was developed primarily in its form by an online community called open source Jabber server and therefore was n amed Jabber after it. Jabber or XMPP server was originally designed for instant messaging, contact list management, presence information and file transfer methods. Safety features and flexibility of XMPP servers have made very compatible with the environment of VPS Server.

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Internet reseller business helps an individual or even a set of organizations to easily and effortlessly start your web hosting business without the need for a costly data center, purchase and maintain web servers and related equipment and appoint technical experts are working around the clock, except for the management of various other aspects of the huge and complex business. As set out in the web hosting company from which you buy a reseller hosting account package or have a professional take care of these tasks, reseller hosting is left to do minor tasks related to their clients and have more freedom to focus on advertising and marketing its reseller business.

Resale Internet is a growing and profitable business even during lean global economic situation. This is a very easy business to learn and use compared with other online business models. Internet reseller can purchase a good reseller of any good web hosting company account or package and then create a custom hosting packages, using a special control panel to manage customer, disk space and bandwidth purchased by the parent hosting company and brand, and sell these hosting packages their customers. The parent company, reseller web hosting helps to control the majority of web hosting related back-end (server, security and communications related) tasks.

Linux Reseller Hosting is a very popular hosting solution, the majority of online resellers. Linux is also available millions of online businesses, as well as millions of upcoming online businesses the most popular platform. It is obvious that in this huge and still growing market for web hosting, Linux reseller hosting business will get a lot of customers need Linux hosting solutions. Due to the increasing demand for Linux hosting solutions, because they are very affordable, stable, secure, and very popular, Linux reseller hosting business to become a thriving online resellers.

Linux web server capacity to hold many domains. Linux also allows you to have many high quality features, including some of the best control panels, control panel like cPanel / WHM. The site is based on the very popular PHP scripts and MySQL database management system will work very well with Linux reseller hosting solutions. On a Linux based web applications for regular as well as specific business, the more global organizations choose Linux web hosting, steady progress. This further promotes the Internet and Linux programmers to develop and introduce new and better tools and applications, Linux web hosting services at affordable prices, because Linux programs are based on open source free or low-cost solutions.

Attractive, professional and high quality features of Linux Hosting Solutions are also very cost-effective solutions. So, Linux Reseller Hosting also requires little capital to start with, for example, compared with other popular Windows reseller hosting solutions, which are more expensive because of the different cost and license fees shall be added to applications.

Linux systems are very fast, very secure, affordable, scalable, stable and reliable Linux web hosting is very popular. These factors make it very easy to promote and sell any Linux reseller hosting services. Linux is constantly updated and easy to learn, even for new web masters. The control panel on any Linux web hosting package, Linux reseller selling is very powerful and very easy to use website management much easier. This directly benefits the reseller, because customers can manage their websites without vendor support that often.

Linux Reseller Hosting service to quickly scale reseller business, if needed. The parent hosting company can provide more disk space and bandwidth to your business in a very short period of time. This may allow the reseller, as disk space, bandwidth, quality programs, better hosting package, the freedom to set prices or discounts to attract more customers and so on, any time they need to expand their reseller business assets. A good internet marketing, web design or website marketing can easily become a reseller of Internet, as it is a reliable Internet consultant to its clients for its expertise in this area. Currently, the reseller business, especially in Linux and Windows Reseller Hosting Reseller hosting services are highly profitable online businesses.

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There are various ways to make money that are available today and many of them use the Internet. Either of these methods is the best and puts the results? It may seem hard to tell which one is best, but one that is growing faster than any other the world today. He is known as reseller web hosting market. This is the best web hosting that is today, and nothing seems to be with him, because he is held in a giant corporation competing. The good thing about it is assumed to be there to stay, which means that will not go any time soon. If you find the best web hosting then this is the ideal thing to earn more money.

There are several questions that must run through your mind, why Reseller Hosting is more successful, as you compare it with others. You may be wondering why it has the capacity to pump out more than the nouveau riche in other markets, the World Wide Web. But the main reason is that the Internet is growing rapidly today than any other thing, because the new technology. There are many sites that are launched every day, which means that each new site will always be hosting. In fact, the web hosting market today, compared with the real estate market, real estate because you need to land as web hosting, all you need is a cyber-space, and many ordinary.

Reseller hosting is a type of web hosting where the account owner has the opportunity to use his / her assigned to the hard disk, and bandwidth of the host sites of third parties. To accomplish this, a reseller purchases the host in the form of services, wholesale and then sells them to customers profit. Bought part of the hard disk is stored in the reseller him / itself.

This is a reseller to rent a dedicated server from a hosting company or resell shared hosting services. Under the second scenario, the reseller is allowed to sell a certain amount of his / her own customers without leasing company with which it has signed a reseller account server disk space and bandwidth.

Server operating systems Linux distributions have been used over the past few years, and rose to distinction in this field. Netcraft, 2006, eight of the ten most reliable web hosting companies use Linux distributions account on their web servers.

Some of the reasons why Linux Reseller Hosting is better and more efficiently than others, as described below. One of the key benefits of Linux reseller hosting is that it comes with a price tag of high licensing fees to her.

This is an open-source software can be downloaded at no cost. Linux website can easily be converted into a window website without any abnormalities. The site could easily be replaced if the customer requirement for a development.

There are many reasons why you should consider the Reseller hosting. The first reason is that there is no need to know about hosting or zip afraid of the costs incurred as a low price. This means that starting your own reseller web hosting can be very simple, requiring only a small amount of money. Another good thing about reseller hosting, that their program takes less time to play them, and they are easy to maintain. The only time when it takes a long time, when you go to cash their money on a good return on the bank. Some people may wonder why it is among the top 10 web hosting, and yet they do not know how to use it. Well, follow these steps.

You must first register reseller hosting program. This should be done by a company that you think are reliable and offer cheap reseller hosting programs. Then all the information that you need to be presented to you. All you need is a domain name. The good thing is that after all it is your reseller store will be as attractive to all the information you want to have. That's good, because no one will know that you are not the hosting organization. Good luck!

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Have you found a website that sells the most remarkable things only to find you can't seel them?How long have you poored over the internet to find that it is full of graeat opportunities and people are makeing millions to find your not?So could you wright a book that describes how to make a million and sell it if you beleved it would make you a millionare?

When I first started on the net I found that the virouses alone could be hazardous to your computer life. After rebuilding my computer three times from crashes. I got the right anti-virouse protection.

So I went to different site and searched endlessly afraid to buy anything. For fear of getting my Identity stolen and my credit destroyed. So I had to learn what a safe site is and how to identifie it.

Now I hear about these great oppertunities to make money at home and give up that humdrum job of mine for a life of leasure with little work. As time progressed in each one of these master plans I found that these plans sound good but don't pan out for me.

Hers is the only thing that sells as far as I've seen on the net. A scheme to get you an Ebook that tells you how to make money. A campain of Emails to give you bits and pieces of this master plan from my personle exsperience at makeing money. With a customer service that is not even involved with your plan to make money from this great plan. All you got to do is send me money to tell you how to spend more of your hard earn money. But I can't steal from people to tellthem something I'm not.

Here are some of the supposed great links for my affiliates program that have as to yet pan any money out. With the great sales rap about who's makeing this money.

Hey check this out. This guy makes $500 a day online by not doing much and

hes is giving away his website which apparently makes him $40,000 a month!

Hes got pictures of his Porsche and Range Rover on his website. The guys

seems loaded.

I got more info of him on my blog below, check it out.

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As you check these links out. See if I am just not listening or It is what you have heard over and over agian?

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Linux computers are put out like any other technical device to possible abuse. While the abuse is not to be avoided by an attacker with direct access to the hardware, abusive accesses to the software can be avoided as much as possible. Accesses to the hardware are able only by the prevention of a direct access as the encircling are avoided in cupboards and shown EDP rooms with admission restriction and lockable cases.

The correspondence of the physical restriction of the access by a wall (of a case or building) corresponds the firewall (fire prevention wall) on software page. A firewall guards a Linux computer against attacks from the network. Linux computers without network access need no firewall.

Protection for your computer

Linux computers are sure from themselves relatively, because the design principle of computers of the Unix family was and is to connect only the inalienable and to permit.

Vandalism

Vandalism is directed against everything what is accessible to the attacker. The motivation of the attacker is often a play desire, curiosity or malicious pleasure in the farthest sense, unfortunately, also increasingly extortion. Behind resource abuse stand mostly economic interests or an ideology. With the resource abuse one or some features of a computer are used straight

Vandalism is directed against the effectiveness of a Linux computer. This can follow through damaging the software or through impediment of the network access.

For the damage of the software on the Linux computer the attacker must infiltrate either workable code on the Linux computer (Malicous code) or themselves a direct access on the Linux computer get (Hack). The infiltration of code often follows under exploitation of frequent, typical program mistakes of server programmes like the web servers or the ftp servers. An attacker can also get an unjustified access, while he guesses passwords or steals or program mistake in one of the programmes for the remote access like telnetd or sshd uses. Stealing is made easy for him particularly by programmes like telnet or ftp, because here the passwords uncoded over the network are transmitted and simple listening in (Sniffing) on the network betrays everything.

The impediment of the network access can follow through Denial-of-Service-Attacken. Besides, are set down - by himself legitimate - requirements for the Linux computer with so high frequency that no more capacity is available for the real assignments.

Resource abuse

Also a Linux computer can be used for unlawful actions. For the protection from pursuit it is tried to abuse the resources of computers of other owners for the unlawful purposes. This can be releasing of Denial-of-Service-Attacken against third as well as the saving of unlawful contents like pornography or pirated software and films and the mailing of spam mail. Spam mail is the mailing of e-mails of advertising content which are undesirable from the consignee. Spam has turned out as one of the biggest dangers for the effectiveness of the Internet.

Preventive measures

The first, easiest and most sure measure exists in switching off all of the services on a Linux computer which are not needed presently. If they are never needed, uninstalling should be also considered.

If a service is not required in full performance extent, the amount of the performances can be adapted generally about his configuration file. Still another with the clearly low performance extent which is enough for the claims is often available beside the installed service. This is valid in particular for web and ftp server.

Compilers are to be checked for her indispensability. They can be used to the production by Malicous code and should be removed - if not needed from the Linux computer.

Program mistakes in the server services and in the Kernel are supervised by special institutions (CERT = computer Emergency responses team). Their bulletins contain the mistake description and the remedy. The operating authority of a Linux computer directly linked with the Internet must read these bulletins regularly and obey the payments.

If offering of services is inalienable by a Linux computer on the Internet, the services must be protected after a careful installation and administration of the services against abuse with a firewall.

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what is fstab?This is the main configuration file which retains all the information about the partitions and storage devices of your Linux system, which also shows how you can initialize and integrate them. Thus this is the main file, used while mounting so as to determine the options usable.Where is it located?fstab is located under /etc directory and so the exact path of the file is /etc/fstab.Basic StructureAs all of the Linux systems have bit different fstab file because of the different partitions and devices, still the basic structure is same. This has basically six columns:* First and Second: These tell about the device or partition and mount point (the point where data is to be attached to the file system) to the mount command. If you doesn't do the process manually, this file tells the defaults values. * Third: This column is here to tell about the file system type of the device or partition. * Fourth: This column lists the mount options and if the file system sho uld be mounted at boot or not. The others may include auto / noauto, dev / nodev, ro, rw and so on. * Fifth and Sixth: This one tells about dump and fsck options. The dump option uses a number to decide upon the backup of file system, whether it should be done or not. Fsck option tells about the order in which the file system should be checked. Corruption Problems and CureThe non-booting and non-mounting problems may be seen if this file becomes corrupt anyways. This can be a hard issue as you won't be able to use and run the system. Also, if you find that you can't access Windows partition from Linux, can't use floppy, CD etc. as usual, something is fishy with this file. The corruption in this file can be usual as this is a plain text file and this is very easy to open and edit, using any of the text editor, so the user faults can also make it corrupt, if he/she has the root privileges.Boot the system from the installation CD and try to correct the file, if you can't then r einstall the operating system. But at this last resort, do care of the data which you either have in your primary volume or whole of the hard drive (in case no disk partitioning is there). If you lose your important data in this case, try using Linux recovery programs as these are the only help which can benefit you Linux recovery after formatting.Data recovery Linux tools are instructed to perform a scan of the hard drive and recover all the lost data. Packaged with the interactive interface, the Linux recovery applications are the sure to get data after any case of loss.Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery software is the most advanced and high-ending product for Linux data recovery. This data recovery Linux utility runs for Ext2, Ext3 and Reiser FS file systems and for all the flavors of Linux. The software uses the most powerful scanning procedure fo Linux recovery.

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Linux file systems such as Ext2, Ext3 and Reiser FS file systems do the same organizing stuff for the files and directories, which the other file systems are expected to do. But, if one day you find symptoms like cross linked files, lost clusters or the invalid files and directories, these give you a strong hit of file system corruption. Though, usually the disk may appear performing well, but the file system scan may give you the unwilling results.If the extent of this problem is large then the culprit can be pointed towards file system corruption as otherwise small problems are common. The file system corruption is the serious issue to handle as ultimately the journey ends at requiring Linux recovery. However, you can try out the mentioned options, some of which are preventive tools: Viruses are the most threatening things for the Linux file systems, so make sure that you have an updated anti-virus program. Some recently installed software might be creating the problem . Uninstall it. Always make it a good habit that you turn off the system properly as this is the prime cause of Linux file system corruption. The instability of the operating system installation might be the issue, check for it. The recently installed bus mastering IDE drivers can also be an issue. Try uninstalling them. But if none of them may succeed in giving the effective results, have a fresh copy of Linux file system. But the solution may not sooth your data as that will not be located by the operating system due to the absence of pointers. Thus, all your data will be lost.Linux data recovery comes as the cure to track out all the lost data. In the file system corruption, there is no clue of the data, but the data recovery Linux software work out the effective scanning algorithms to work anyway. But remember that only the best Linux recovery application has the feature to work in severe file system corruption like case.Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the appl ication to have the most valuable and expected Linux data recovery. The application goes good with Ext2, Ext3 and Reiser FS file systems and all the flavors of Linux operating system. This data recovery Linux program will scan the drive by the most powerful scanning algorithms, giving you an abstract view of the process.

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After an unexpected shutdown, when you try to start your Linux computer, your system may refuse to boot and you might experience some error messages. The error message may sound like the followings:Your system appears to have shut down uncleanlyPress Y within 4 seconds to force file system integrity checkAs suggested in the error message, when you press Y, you may receive another error message stating:Checking root filesystem [/sbin/fsck.ext2 (1) -- /] fsck.ext2 - a / WARNING: couldn't open /etc/fstat: no such file or directoryext2fs_check_if_mount/The superblock could not read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 :No such file or directory while determining whether / is mounted.fsck.ext2: Is a directory while trying to open //etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit: li ne 415: failure: command not found.After these errors, the system does not boot and you can not access your valuable data from hard drive and thus may face the nightmare of data loss. CauseThis behavior of Linux operating system occurs due to severely corrupted root file system. Due to the same, operating system can not find the required files to boot and thus shows you the error messages. In Linux operating system, the root file system is the file system which is used to manage data on the root partition, the partition is the one on which operating system is installed. Root file system contains very important file and corruption to this will put you in need of Linux Recovery.Linux Data Recovery is the process of retrieving missing, lost or inaccessible data from Linux hard drive. It is best possible using Linux Recovery Software. These software are able to scan your hard drive, locate the lost data and then carry out Linux Recovery. Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery sof tware is the best ever made and the most comprehensive Linux Recovery Software. It is powerful enough to thoroughly scan your hard drive and retrieve all of your data from it. Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is compatible with most of the Linux flavors.

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CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is the standard check process that different files use to detect corruption inconsistencies, if any. Using this check, Linux systems ensure that kernel image hasn't changed after it was built. If system finds any mismatch between the original and current value, it doesn't proceed further while booting and eventually the system halts. Data becomes inaccessible and to restore lost information, you need to use your recent data backup. But if it gives errors or is found as incomplete or damaged, Linux Data Recovery applications can be used for data recovery. You might encounter the following error message when trying to boot your Linux-based computer:"CRC error - System Halted"This error message occurs immediately after system prompts: 'Uncompressing Linux'. System doesn't boot up and you cannot use CTRL-ALT-DEL key to reset the system.CausePossible causes of the above issue to occur are:* Kernel image is stored on bad sectors. When Linux kernel i mage gets uncompressed, it runs a CRC check to ensure its integrity. If checksum values don't match, it gives errors, as above. * Bad hard drive* Bad hardware components like system memory or CPU cache* File system issuesSolutionYou should follow these methods in order to fix this problem:* Use Live CD to boot your system. After this, you need to copy the kernel image from the bootable disk and delete the existing kernel image. Rename the copied image to the one that boot loader recognizes. If you use LILO (LInux LOader), you should run /sbin/lilo to translate present location of copied image to disk geometry language and write to partition's boot sector.* Backup all the possible data and replace the bad hard drive* Diagnose and replace the damaged hardware components* Run fsck, if file system is dirty* If problem persists, reformat the hard drive and restore from backupDisk formatting deletes all the existing information and if you observe any issues with your backup, you c an use Linux Recovery tools. These are effective Linux Data Recovery software that restore lost information using powerful and safe scanning algorithms. Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is an optimum tool to locate and recover lost data. It supports Ext2, Ext3, and ReiserFS file systems. This Linux Recovery tool provides advanced features including Disk Imaging, RAW File Recovery, File Filer etc. The application is compatible with most of the Linux distributions, like Red Hat, SlackWare, Turbo Linux, Sorcerer, SUSE etc.

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Linux boot process proceeds in steps. At first, BIOS selects the boot device and loads the boot sector. The boot manager then loads the kernel image in RAM to execute and run the setup code. Kernel initializes all the installed devices, switches the CPU from Real Mode to Protected Mode, loads the compressed kernel and performs further boot process steps. But in case if system cannot find this kernel image, it will fail to boot. In such situations, your system either hangs or displays error messages and eventually, you cannot access your data. Data backup, if present, valid and updated, can be used to restore missing information. In case backup fails, you should use Linux Recovery Software to restore.You might encounter the similar error message when trying to boot a Linux-based system: "Could Not Find Kernel image: Linux"CauseYou receive this Kernel image error due to any of the possible reasons:* Missing configuration file. This file tells the system about te location of kernel image and initrd files* Name of kernel image file has been changed* Absent required parameters, for example /boot/grub/menu.lst is missing* Boot sector is corrupted or damagedSolution You can try following steps to overcome such issues:* Enter the boot line prompt and try using such commands:root (hd0,1)kernel /vmlinuz devfs=mount root=/dev/hda2initrd /initrd.imgbootOrroot (hd0,1)chainloader +1boot* If the above measure fails and you can get into GRUB command mode, you can use tab key and auto completion feature to find the missing kernel and initrd files. If no boot menu displays, enter into rescue mode.* Reformat the drive as the last solution. To restore lost data in this way, use your recent data backup or alternatively, commercial Linux Recovery tools (if backup is invalid or absent).Linux Recovery applications are specially designed tools that scan Linux-based disks for locating and recovering lost information. Such applications provide rich interface to work w ith and safe read-only design. In addition, you get advanced options that help enhancing recovery results. Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is a complete Data Recovery Linux tool. The application supports recovery from Ext2, Ext3, ReiserFS partitions. With powerful features like RAW File Recovery, File Filter, Disk Imaging, and similar such, this Linux Recovery software proves to be an efficient tool to recover. It is compatible with most of the Linux distributions, like Red Hat, SlackWare, Turbo Linux, SUSE etc.

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fstab (also referred as file system table) is an important system configuration file in Linux. Located at /etc/fstab, this file lists all available disk and disk partitions. This file is used to determine disk initialization information and is usually used by mount command. Generally, while booting if system prompts that it cannot open fstab file, it indicates that the file system is corrupt. As its result, you lose data accessibility and to restore lost information, you require using your recent data backup. To get required results, data backup should be updated and healthy. In any case where data backup violates restoration, you are recommended to scan your drive using Linux Data Recovery software. You might receive the below error message while trying to boot a Linux based system:"Checking root filesystemWARNING: couldn't open /etc/fstab: Input/output error"The error message further describes fsck results that the superblock cannot be read and is corrupt.* uperblock is the data structure that describes a Linux file system itself. It contains file system metadata like file system type, size, status and generic information about other metadata structuresCauseThe most prominent cause of the above error message to occur is file system corruption. It can occur due to unexpected shutdown, incorrect use of terminal commands, virus infection and other similar reasons.SolutionThe fstab error could be corrected by following these methods:* Boot your system using Linux Live CD* After ensuring that the affected file system is not mounted, you should run fsck* Mount the partition and check if the same issue exists * If these steps cannot resolve the existing behavior, you should format and install. You need to restore lost data using your last data backup that should be valid and recently updated to offer desired results. While no backup availability or its invalid state, use Linux Recovery applications.Linux Data Recovery software are comprehensive a pplications that are equipped with powerful data recovery technology for Linux based drives. They can scan a logically crashed drive and offer safe and efficient lost data recovery in any case.Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is an advanced recovery tool for Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file systems. It efficiently recovers and restores lost data at a safe location. A read-only application that supports complete Data Recovery Linux for all Linux distributions like Sorcerer, SUSE, Mandrake, Red Hat, Turbo Linux, SlackWare etc.

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Linux Root directory is the initial point, from where the system starts looking for the files stored on the hard disk. Each file and folder that you store on your Linux-based system is marked under this root directory. It is denoted by '/'. The Linux root directory further subdivides into subdirectories in hierarchical form. But you might experience frustrating experiences if this root directory gets corrupt. Besides giving certain error messages, it makes your data inaccessible. Thus it is must that you have valid copy of all the important data. But most of the times, users don't maintain or update their backup. In such situations, you should use Linux Data Recovery applications and scan your affected disk to restore lost information. All Linux directories (like /bin, /boot, /etc, /initrd, /usr, /home, /root tec.) are below this root directory, '/'. There can be several reasons that could corrupt it like unexpected shutdown, operating system errors and more. A Linux syste m shows abrupt behvior while the root directory is corrupt. Some of the typical errors that it shows while such situations are:* "No such file or directory"* System becomes unbootable * System fails to create or delete files and folders SolutionTo solve root directory corruption issues, you should try following these methods:* Try scanning your disk using fsck. You need to ensure that you run this command in single-user mode and the file system is not mounted.* If fsck fails to repair file system corruption, you should reformat the disk. This process will recreate the entire file system structure.Since formatting deletes all the data from hard disk, you need to check the status of backup. To get complete restoration results, the data backup must be completely updated and healthy. If you find that data backup cannot restore, use Data Recovery Linux tools. Linux Data Recovery software are advanced applications that use safe scanning algorithms to locate the missing informatio n. Such tools empower you easy data recovery through interactive user interface and well-documentation. You can use such utilities in each case of logical data loss. Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is a comprehensive data recovery tool for Linux-based system. It supports Data Recovery Linux for Ext2, Ext3, and ReiserFS file systems. The application provides you advanced features such as, RAW File Recovery, File Filter, Append File Header etc. It is compatible with almost all Linux distributions including Gentoo, SlackWare, Mandrake, Ubuntu, SUSE etc.

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Okay, so you are after making money from behind a computer or to be exact from behind a mac. We won't be too surprised if you are already done with your website's design - there's a lot of amazing software for mac to design and program your websites. You've got WordPress platform, RapidWeaver, SandVox, Freeway Express and standalone OSX applications like Adobe DreamWeaver to help you create a totally stellar, kick-butt website. After you have your website done and indexed in search engines, the question is how to get it seated as close to the top of Google as possible. The whole point of creating a website is to get it visible, whether you plan to sell from it or just want to be heard, otherwise your whole work goes down the drain. This is where you start looking for mac SEO software or SEO software for Linux if you use that one. The process of looking for SEO software might get you befuddled when you are looking for an SEO toolkit to use on a PC, because there are too man y options. It will just as surely drive you crazy if you are looking for a piece of SEO software for mac or SEO tools for Linux but to a completely opposite reason - the choice is way too limited. The fact that even most of the recognized SEO companies simply ignored Mac and Linux users comes as a shock. There has been a lot of forum noise about how to find a mac alternative to SEO software for PC. Emotional content they add to this situation totally muddies the water. We just thought we'd see what's really cooking and spill some light on this issue until Mac and Linux users give up their chances of monetizing over the internet or head to shops for their PCs. Some of those guys were testing Web CEO and while their free version is very limited, when it came to purchasing a Pro edition, it turned out that ooops.. they've got no SEO software for mac or SEO software for Linux. They just really don't have it. Seriously, don't. Keyword Elite ignores Mac users just as surely. Neith er Web CEO nor IBP support OSX or Linux. All kidding aside, they just don't have SEO software for mac or SEO tools for Linux. There are two SEO providers among the trusted ones that actually do have SEO software for mac and Linux. Those are Market Samurai for Mac and SEO PowerSuite from Link-Assistant.Com. Market Samurai doesn't run on Linux though, so it's not a 100 % cross platform. So SEO PowerSuite is the only real cross platform SEO software for mac, Linux and Windows. Good news is that, if to choose from SEO software out there, SEO PowerSuite is a confident leader. Market Samurai has some credibility in the world of SEO, SEO PowerSuite is defining standards in SEO these days. All right, Linux users can go straight to SEO PowerSuite, grab their SEO software for Linux and kick thing into high gear. Regarding SEO software for mac we still decided to compare these two mac and Linux SEO tools for speed, productivity and search-engine-imposed blocks resistance, so that they can decide for themselves.Productivity Market Samurai still has that problem of being blocked by search engines. Just as Web CEO or IBP, who are among the leaders in SEO software providing. SEO PowerSuite is unbeatable in this aspect and this explains so much why it is the best SEO solution for mac and Linux on today's market. Not only does it support Google and Yahoo! API, Proxy Rotation and Human Emulation - all possible features that together make the SEO software for mac and Linux appear to search engines just like a living and breathing human. Besides this, LinkAssistant also has special anti-CAPTCHA service that no other software offers, this one minimizes the chances of being stopped by search engines down to less than 1%. Features Market Samurai does have some useful features if compared to, say Web CEO. The last one is not any longer the option today. However, SEO PowerSuite compared to Market samurai wins hands down. Keyword research wise: 1. Market Samurai doesn 't generate keyword reports. Apparently, SEO PowerSuite is the only SEO software for mac and Linux that does that. SEO PowerSuite can even email them to your clients automatically; it allows you to save them in PDF or upload via FTP to make them available online. This is the feature that SEO PowerSuite users adore as it saves them oodles of time. Web CEO or Market Samurai users waste this time drafting and sending out reports by hand. That's a great feature to have and absolutely a must if you are optimizing more than one website or do SEO for clients with you SEO software for mac or Linux.

2. Another bummer about Market Samurai is that it doesn't have a Task Scheduler. Keyword research and reports task can be time scheduled by nearly any other SEO software (or at least that made by world's leading SEO software companies, like Link-Assistant.Com) - they all do have this feature. Market Samurai doesn't. SEO PowerSuite software for mac and Linux does that.

3. Market Samurai has no Captcha recognition feature and does not do some other important things, like it doesn't highlight words with high KEI, doesn't have quick search through keywords and the like. SEO tools for mac and Linux from SEO PowerSuite toolkit are capable of all that. Link building wise: Market Samurai has no automatic cycle of email correspondence. That is exactly the strong point of SEO PowerSuite tools for mac and Linux. It has an inbuilt email client that manages your entire SEO correspondence within the software, has templates for any SEO related issue you might want to address your partners with and has manageable email lists. It receives and organizes emails from your clients. None of these tasks can be completed in Market Samurai. When it comes to reaching link partners which have link submission forms, SEO PowerSuite SEO tools for mac and Linux even fill those out automatically. Market Samurai never does that. Another really important part of link building is verifying if your links work for you. SEO PowerSuite makes sure your link partners link back at you. If not, it suggests options to deal with this problem. Market Samurai just doesn't care. Just as in keyword research part SEO PowerSuite allows generating link building reports, emailing, saving, printing, uploading them to the web. Not only this - SEO PowerSuite also generates link building strategies based on your competition research, which is like having an SEO assistant at hand. No other SEO software for mac, Linux or Windows does this. There's a bunch of other smaller but still crucial options that SEO PowerSuite has and Market samurai doesn't, like, searching for potential partners among sites linking to your competitors, checking link partners' Alexa rank and more. All this becomes big when summed up and clearly Market Samurai SEO software for mac and Linux can well leave you downright overwhelmed with the amount of work you have to do each day for your online business. Speed When it comes to backlink research SEO PowerSuite is like 2 times faster than Market Samurai. SEO PowerSuite software for mac and Linux is also two times faster when it comes to rank checking. If we compare SEO PowerSuite to Web CEO in this respect, the latest would be at least 5 times slower than SEO PowerSuite in rank checking and producing twice fewer results in backlink research for the same time as compared to SEO PowerSuite. But still Market Samurai obviously loses to SEO PowerSuite in this respect. WellTo sum it all up, the picture is not that hopeless - there is SEO software for mac and Linux, at least two of them for Mac OSX and one yet really powerful SEO tool for mac and Linux. SEO PowerSuite has introduced numerous features that have later appeared in other SEO software, so probably other leading companies will catch up with SEO PowerSuite in cross platform thing, however, it still beats most of the SEO software in speed, feature richness a nd productivity. Would still be the best choice for Mac users if even other SEO software companies introduced cross platform version of their software. Link-Assistant.Com seems to be approaching SEO issues from every conceivable angle. So in case you were frantically looking for SEO tools for Mac or Linux, SEO PowerSuite has you covered. SEO PowerSuite is a bundle of 4 Mac SEO tools: one that will detect and fix all flaws your website might have that affect your SEO - read web presence - negatively (WebSite Auditor), one responsible for link building , the task of discovering the best suited link partners for you and building connections (LinkAssistant), one for managing your SEO strategy based on that of your competitors (SEO SpyGlass) and one responsible for getting your website to reach its ranking potential (Rank Tracker). All four tools together are an ultimate solution to SEO and are usually bought together but you can also purchase any of them separately. They all wor k perfectly on Mac OS, Linux or Windows.

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The age we are living in is called the computer age and this is because in every field computers are essential. It has become necessary for every human being to have at least the basic knowledge of computers in order to work on a reputable post. In the automobile industries computers are used to control the heavy machines, in the printing industry all designs are made on the computer, in the law enforcement field of work all the data is stored on the computers. For most people just the basic knowledge of computers is sufficient. However, for people who work in the computer sector 'just basic knowledge' is as good as being uneducated. They are expected to know a lot more. There are basically two bifurcations in the computer related jobs: hardware and software. In order to work in the hardware sector you need to be well acquainted with all the components and parts used. However, it is the software side of the computer field that is really booming. There is a great future in the software world and the pay is really good too. In case you are interested in software then you need to ask yourself if you are interested in working on open source software. The first thing that comes to anyone's mind on hearing the words 'open source software' is linux- the world's first and leading open source operating system. Yes, you can get paid for working on open source software. All you need to do is look for linux jobs. The demand for professionals capable of working on linux software is large. In order to look for such jobs you need to put up an application on large job portal websites. Another option is to look for an advertisement in the newspaper regarding linux jobs. If you carry out a detailed search online you can avail of a number of jobs in the linux field out of which you can pick out the one that suits you best. Many of these websites are geographically specific. They will inform you about jobs in cities around the one you live in. The number of peop le using linux products has increased at an exponential rate and thus the demand for linux professionals has also increased. If you are patient enough you will surely get a job in linux in the field of your liking. However, before looking for a job you need to be sure that you want to look for linux jobs. Next you need to ask yourself what is the subfield you are interested in and what are your expectations from the job? Once you've decided all of this the entire job search process will get much easier for you.

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Choosing Between Linux website hosting package and Windows Web Hosting PackagesOne of the most difficult and often confusing tasks is usually to decide on the server platform to be utilized while considering the process of website hosting package. There are numerous choices around you but the popular choices are Linux servers and Windows servers. You can find a lot of real info on hosting package and also the server platform to get chosen on line. Although in general, the server you utilize will not be a focus of great concern, serious website owners prefer to choose a hassle-free server for their website hosting needs.

Linux or Windows?

The Windows os is a well-liked and usually Microsoft developed windows registry. On the other hand, Linux is open source, which happens to be freely accessible. This means that it can be costly to start and get a Windows server. However, this is not a point of interest, unless you should establish a server for non-public usage. The value required to run a server will not directly affect the price of the web hosting package service plan.

The general public believe that, they want a Windows website hosting package plan as a computers run on Windows. However, this is a misconception. web hosting package transactions happen through file transfer protocols and control panels. Both Linux and Windows support the FTP mode of transfer and free email hosting.

What i mean is always that certain file transfer commands may vary slightly in each of the applications. It is because the FTP design, in some cases, is designed bearing in mind a single operating system. In such cases, pre-owned needs to be appropriate considering the design pattern of FTP to avoid possible errors.

The majority of the website features drive well on both Linux and Windows server platforms such as the PHP, POP3 and MSSQL. If you need to code a site with ASP, .NET, Access, MSSQL, FrontPage or some other MS proprietary tips then an ideal choice is a Windows package.

With Linux technologies, only limited support is available but it includes more features and it is highly secure. The broad usage of the operating system makes Windows insecure. Both server types are equivalent in security measures, nevertheless you need to ensure the reliability from the hosting company to preserve the safety.

For when of presentation, there is no large difference between Linux and Windows servers. However, Linux performs faster than Windows. Windows include each of the features in a single package but Linux uses extended features. This is the reason for Windows being slow in the performance.

To summarize, don't waste your precious time inside the search of varied server types as both advanced Linux and Windows servers offer easy to use and quality service. The things you must consider is the selection of a competent easy web hosting service that may understand your requirements and implement the necessary features as required. Do think the assorted factors involved as much as server type is involved, if you intend to have a server on your website.

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Have you found a website that sells the most remarkable things only to find you can't seel them?How long have you poored over the internet to find that it is full of graeat opportunities and people are makeing millions to find your not?So could you wright a book that describes how to make a million and sell it if you beleved it would make you a millionare?

When I first started on the net I found that the virouses alone could be hazardous to your computer life. After rebuilding my computer three times from crashes. I got the right anti-virouse protection.

So I went to different site and searched endlessly afraid to buy anything. For fear of getting my Identity stolen and my credit destroyed. So I had to learn what a safe site is and how to identifie it.

Now I hear about these great oppertunities to make money at home and give up that humdrum job of mine for a life of leasure with little work. As time progressed in each one of these master plans I found that these plans sound good but don't pan out for me.

Hers is the only thing that sells as far as I've seen on the net. A scheme to get you an Ebook that tells you how to make money. A campain of Emails to give you bits and pieces of this master plan from my personle exsperience at makeing money. With a customer service that is not even involved with your plan to make money from this great plan. All you got to do is send me money to tell you how to spend more of your hard earn money. But I can't steal from people to tellthem something I'm not.

Here are some of the supposed great links for my affiliates program that have as to yet pan any money out. With the great sales rap about who's makeing this money.

Hey check this out. This guy makes $500 a day online by not doing much and

hes is giving away his website which apparently makes him $40,000 a month!

Hes got pictures of his Porsche and Range Rover on his website. The guys

seems loaded.

I got more info of him on my blog below, check it out.

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June 08, 2009 Why Webhosting UK Dedicated Servers Why Webhosting UK Dedicated Servers Posted by James under Cheap Servers, Dedicated Servers, Linux Dedicated Server, Managed Dedicated Server, Mirrored Servers, Unmetered Dedicated Servers, Windows Dedicated Server No Comments Q. Why choose Webhosting UK Linux/Windows dedicated servers? Ans: All Webhosting UK Linux/Windows Dedicated Servers are fully managed and monitored round the clock. We use only branded Chassis from Dell and we use latest state of the art Intel CPUs for our web servers. As far as our network connectivity is concerned, we have 2 x 10 Gbps uplinks for our Datacenter. We have connectivity from all leading ISPs in Europe as we are directly connected with London hub of all the ISPs. All servers have 100 Mbps Nic card and they are connected to 1 Gbps switch.

Dedicated Server web hosting management includes security monitoring, installing, compiling and maintaining the standard server application/software package, latest security updates, Spam filter, virus-protection and technical support to ensure that it performs and run in a safe and secure manner 247x365. Servers deployed at the Data Center includes hardware replacement guarantee. In case of any hardware failure, the hardware is immediately replaced.

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June 06, 2009 Mike Filsaime PowerLink Generator Stop Promoting UGLY Links!

Do you ever see people promote those ugly tiny-urls, or affiliate links that scream:

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Enjoy Three Days and Two Nights Accommodations Valid seven days a week. Book with as little as 30 days advance notice. A $25 deposit is required at time of booking. You will pay room taxes of approximately $12 per night. Only one Worldwide Travel offer may be used per family, per year.

After completing your vacation you will receive a $50.00 Visa gift card to use anywhere Visa is accepted.

Lake Havasu, AZ London Bridge - Mesa, AZ Desert Scenery - Scottsdale, AZ Golf Anyone? - Sedona, AZ Spiritual Scenery - Tucson, AZ Scenic Desert - Anaheim, CA Disneyland & Knottsberry Farm- Carlsbad, CA World Famous Zoo - Lake Tahoe, CA South Shore - Napa Valley, CA Wine Country - Newport Beach, CA Gateway to Catalina - Palm Springs, CA World Famous Desert - San Diego, CA Home to Pandas - San Francisco, CA A Great Cosmopolitan City - San Luis Obispo, CA A Pacific Paradise - Calgary, Alberta Canada - Collingwood, Ontario Canada - Jasper, Alberta Canadian Rockies - Kelowna, British Columbia Canada - Breckenridge, CO Spectacular Colorado Rockies - Denver, CO The Mile High City - Durango, CO The Four Corners -Pagosa Springs, CO San Juan Mountains - Cocoa Beach/Cape Canaveral, FL Florida's Space Coast - Daytona Beach, FL World Renowned Beaches - Destin, FL Gulf Beaches- Fort Lauderdale, FL The All New Strip - Key West, FL Fabulous Sunsets - MIami Beach, FL Trendy South Beach - N ew Smyrna Beach, FL Florida East Coast Beach - Orlando, FL Disney World & Universal Studios - Palm Beach, FL Famous Shopping - Port St. Lucie, FL Central Florida's Beaches - St. Augustine, FL America's Oldest City - Kona, HI Volcanos - Maui, HI Everyone's Paradise - Ketchum, ID Ski Country - Sun Valley, ID Skiing Mountains - Spirit Lake, IA Mid America - New Orleans, LA French Quarter & Great Food - Jackman, ME The Switzerland of Maine - Rangeley, ME Base Camp for Adventure - Ocean City, MD The Beach - Cape Code, MA The Beach - Cabo San Lucas, Mexico Famous Fishing Mazatlan, Mexico Ancient Mexico - Puerto Vallarta, Mexico Mexican Paradise -San Carlos, Sonora, Mexico Sea of Cortez Beach - Boyne, MI Snowboarding and Beaches - Brainerd, MN On The Mississippi - Mille Lacs, MN Lake Country - Biloxi, MS 26 Miles of White Sandy Beaches - Tunica, MS The Mississippi River Branson, MO The New Nashville - Clarksville, MO The Show Me State - Lake Of The Ozarks, MO The Lakes - Las Vegas, NV The City That Never Sleeps, Mesquite, NV Gambling - Reno, NV Fun City Of The West - State Line, NV Gambling - Bartlett, NH Fantastic Skiing - Lincoln, NH Franconia Notch - Atlantic City, NJ Gambling - McAfee, NJ Garden State - Angel Fire, NM Desert Skiing - Santa Fe, NM Famous Opera - Lake Placid, NY Winter Games - Ashville, NC Fabulous Vanderbilt Estate - The Outer Banks, NC Deep Sea Fishing - Klamath Falls, OR Oregon Mountains - Newport, OR Redwoods - Hershey, PA Roller Coasters Poconos, PA Four Season Vacationland - Westerly, RI The Eastern Coast - Charleston, SC Jazz In The Old Town, Hilton Head, SC Beaches & Dunes - Myrtle Beach, SC Golf & Beaches - Fairfield Glade, TN Midway Between Knoxville and Nashville - Gatlinburg, TN The Smokey Mountains - Nashville, TN Grand Ole Opry - Lago Vista, TX The Lake - Lake Conroe, TX Lone Star State - San Antonio, TX The Alamo - South Padre Island, TX Texas Coastal Wonderland Park City, UT Rocky Mountain Excitement - Vermont Great Mountains - Williamsburg, VA Colonial America & Busch Gardens -Virginia Beach, VA Nearby Williamsburg - Washington State Spectacular Scenery - Wisconsin Dells, WI Christmas Mountain Your cost is just a $25.00 registration fee and room taxes of $12.per night.

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June 06, 2009 If you're like alot of people, you'll be in debt. It's The Greatest Unwritten Secret: The often asked question is, how can you possibly create wealth when you don't even have the CASH in hand to get started in the first place?

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As you check these links out. See if I am just not listening or It is what you have heard over and over agian?

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All Linux distros are not built the identical. Although most Linux distros attempt to be as hardware friendly as probable, you might find that some operate much better with your hardware than others. So the finest way to determine which distro would be right for you is to consider out a handful of the most common distros and see for your self as to which of them function the most effective on your hardware. You will explore that some distros will detect all your hardware and operate flawlessly, though many others may possibly not even boot on your Personal computer or laptop.The future factor you really should think about is codec availability. Some well-liked distros like Ubuntu and Fedora do not ship with any kind of codecs to play widespread files like your mp3s or substantial-definition video clips. There are distros based mostly on these incredibly distros that are additional usable and ship with help for all of your audio and video clip files. Linux Mint, primarily b ased on Ubuntu, is 1 these kinds of distro.Ubuntu is in all probability the most favorite and broadly used Linux running procedure that there is. It is based mostly on Debian, one more huge distribution with a extremely loyal lover adhering to. Ubuntu also has one particular of the biggest communities out there and you are a lot more probable to discover help on something linked to Ubuntu than any other distro. This is one particular of the great positive aspects of making use of Ubuntu or anything at all primarily based on it, like as Linux mint. You will locate it quick to glimpse for support on the internet must you get caught with something.Fedora, sponsored by the Linux large red hat, is also pretty common amid Linux customers. Like Ubuntu, it cannot arrive with any codecs pre-put in due to patent troubles. Not all software organizations permit Linux distributions to pre-install their proprietary software package. For illustration, Microsoft license does not let Linux d istributions to include systems like online explorer or windows media player codecs. Similarly, popular Linux distros like Fedora, Opensuse and Ubuntu are not able to ship flash, java, and other such proprietary software. If this is a concern for you, then download distros like Linux mint or PcLinuxOS, which come with all these required packages pre-installed.So if you have really made the decision to move on to Linux, just consider the plunge and set up Linux on your Personal computer. You will not regret the freedom and liberty that Linux arrives with.Which Linux distribution is suitable for you? There is no 1 correct answer due to the fact it is dependent on your practical experience and precise requires. Outlined beneath are the top rated seven Linux operating techniques for 2011. Every single method was ranked centered on ease of set up, user-friendliness, and volume of support available.Ubuntu is a single of the most preferred Linux distributions for desktops. New vers ions are launched about just about every six months. The assortment is effortless as lengthy as the clients know what they require just after they have carried out the analysis to guide them.For individuals seeking for variations that are consumer helpful, trustworthy and adaptable Ubuntu Linux, Red Hat, Fedora, SuSE and Mandriva Linux are a superior alternative.

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If like me, you have thought of an excellent board or card game and played it with family and friends, you will want to produce something more aesthetically pleasing than cut out cards from a scrap book. You do have the option of having a designer do all the work for you, however generally the cost is prohibitive when you start out.

In many communities there are free or very inexpensive computer classes for beginners. The instructors will be able to advise you of the best computer to suit your needs. The price of new PC's (personal computers) has reduced dramatically and even the cheapest laptop purchased would be fast enough to handle Board Game Design.

Having the correct software is essential in the design, quality and finish of your game. Imagine if you could achieve all required tasks using FREE Software.

Windows users would normally use Adobe Photo-shop to design the artwork needed to improve the appearance of the game. They would then use Microsoft Word to add this artwork to the Instructions, Cards and Outer Box. And then use Adobe Writer to convert the Word Document into a PDF Document required by the printers to manufacture the playing cards. These are the most basic programs needed and they all cost money.I prefer to use free software and I would like to share with you how I do this. The following are equivalent quality programs available for free download that will replace all of the above programs and more. The following guide is included to help those that choose to use Free Software. If you enjoy spending money, feel free to skip this article.

1. Install Ubuntu to Replace Microsoft: For an operating system use "Linux-Ubuntu" on your PC. I am not a Microsoft person. I run my entire business, have created my own board games and use Ubuntu to create and maintain my own website completely without Microsoft. I am writing this article using OpenOffice.org in Ubuntu and I will upload it to my blog in Firefox.Try Before You Buy. No Try Before you Download for Free.If you decide to install Ubuntu, you can keep Windows on your PC also. First BACKUP EVERYTHING!! Copy your personal files you cannot afford to lose onto a portable hard drive, DVD or CD. You don't need to backup programs that you have the original disc to reinstall. Just your photos, music and stuff.

Disclaimer: I take no responsibility for the outcome of you following this article. This is only a guide. If everything important is backed up then you shouldn't have anything to lose. Type Ubuntu Beginner into your browser's search engine and read through some tutorials very thoroughly first to familiarise yourself with the process before you begin.

(Tip: Microsoft needs to be installed on the PC first. If you put Linux Ubuntu on first and then try to add Microsoft; Microsoft will not recognise Linux and will probably format over the top of it.)

To get your free copy of Ubuntu, type Ubuntu Download into your browser's search engine to go to ubuntu.com. Download or FTP it to your hard drive. It will take long time to download, so let it download overnight and install it in the morning. Usually the downloaded file will be an ISO Image. Use Nero or something similar to burn the image to disc. The CD you have created will start automatically when your computer is restarted, unless you place the ISO image inside a folder on the CD.

When you have created the Ubuntu disc, put it back into the CD drive and restart the PC. The setup will begin and will ask if you want to install Ubuntu beside Windows on a separate partition or install it instead of Windows. Put it beside Windows for now until you find you no longer need Windows.

You will need to give Ubuntu at least 5 gig of hard drive, but more would be better if you have it. You will need a fast PC suitable to run XP. Ie 1 GB CPU with 512MB Ram.Unless you have previously installed Windows yourself, I suggest you read the Ubuntu site thoroughly first. Ubuntu setup is much the same as Windows setup and asks the usual questions.

What country is your location?What is the current Timezone?Do you use a US Keyboard?Create a Username and Password etc.

After install has finished, your PC will restart. You will be prompted to choose which operating system to start. Use the up down arrows to select Ubuntu.If you try to play mp3's, WMA, WMV etc. You will be prompted to download and install restricted extras. The legalities depend on your country.

2. OpenOffice.org is included in the Ubuntu operating system and will automatically replace Adobe Writer, Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint. You can open documents you have created in Microsoft Office and you can save documents, OpenOffice.org has created, as Microsoft Word Documents. You can export a document as a PDF document.(I prefer not to use Microsoft, but I will mention you can download and install OpenOffice.org on your Windows operating system)

3. KolourPaint will replace Microsoft Paint to save and edit images. To add some programs that were not included with the Ubuntu install. Click on Applications and then Ubuntu Software Centre and Search for KolourPaint and install.

4. GIMP will replace Adobe Photo-shop. GIMP (Graphics Image Manipulation Program) is capable of completing every task achieved by Photo-shop. To add some programs that were not included with the Ubuntu install. Click on Applications and then Ubuntu Software Centre and Search for GIMP and install.(I prefer not to use Microsoft, but I will mention you can download and install GIMP on your Windows operating system. To get your free copy of GIMP, type GIMP Download into your browser's search engine).

5. Firefox Web Browser is automatically included in Ubuntu and will be used to replace Internet Explorer. You may use Ubuntu Software Centre to search for and install other browsers such as Google Chrome if you prefer.

6. Evolution Mail is automatically included in Ubuntu and will be used to send and receive email as a replacement to Outlook Express. You may use Ubuntu Software Centre to search for and install Mozilla Thunderbird or another email program if you prefer.

7. KompoZer is a program used to create a website as a HTML or CSS Editor. To add some programs that were not included with the Ubuntu install. Click on Applications and then Ubuntu Software Centre and Search for KompoZer and install.

8. GnomeBaker is a program used to burn CD's & DVD's. To add some programs that were not included with the Ubuntu install. Click on Applications and then Ubuntu Software Centre and Search for GnomeBaker and install.

9. Rhythmbox is automatically included in Ubuntu and will be used to play music on your PC or add music to an iPod or MP3 player.

10. AcidRip to rip DVD's and Asunder to rip audio CD's. To add some programs that were not included with the Ubuntu install. Click on Applications and then Ubuntu Software Centre and Search for AcidRip or Asunder and install.

11. Wine (Windows for Linux) to run some Windows programs. Not all software written for Microsoft will run using Wine, but some will, i.e. Microsoft Internet Explorer, Microsoft Paint, Microsoft Notepad. There is no need to use Wine because Linux Ubuntu has programs to do all Windows tasks, I have just included Wine for you to play around with. To add some programs that were not included with the Ubuntu install. Click on Applications and then Ubuntu Software Centre and Search for Wine and install.

12. KlamAV for virus protection. (Ubuntu is not vulnerable to virus's and therefore does not need virus protection. However if you Internet Bank you still need virus protection to satisfy the banks requirements). To add some programs that were not included with the Ubuntu install. Click on Applications and then Ubuntu Software Centre and Search for KlamAV and install.

13. KTorrent for torrent downloads. To add some programs that were not included with the Ubuntu install. Click on Applications and then Ubuntu Software Centre and Search for KTorrent and install.

14. XSane to operate your scanner. XSane is automatically included in Ubuntu.

15. KGet is an excellent download manager. To add some programs that were not included with the Ubuntu install. Click on Applications and then Ubuntu Software Centre and Search for KGet and install.

16. Totem Movie Player is automatically included with Ubuntu and will play the same music and videos as Windows Media Player. VLC will play the videos that Totem cannot. To add some programs that were not included with the Ubuntu install. Click on Applications and then Ubuntu Software Centre and Search for VLC and install.

17. FileZilla to send files via FTP (File Transfer Protocol). This is needed to send the artwork to the manufacturer/printer. To add some programs that were not included with the Ubuntu install. Click on Applications and then Ubuntu Software Centre and Search for FileZilla and install.

18. Games are included in Ubuntu such as Mahjongg, Solitaire, Spider, Mines, Sudoku, Freecell and Klondike and if you like games there are many - many more that can be downloaded for free.

Now the fun part - Learn Linux!It will seem unfamiliar at first, but if you give Linux a chance you may get to like using free software. Like many others you may even leave the windows sheeple for good. This will be a day of celebration indeed.Ubuntu seems to run faster and more securely and you will notice the difference. If you need help or just want to read a tutorial, go to:/

Explore Play Have Fun

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ServerPronto offers the best price in the dedicated server business. ServerPronto is breaking the price barrier for dedicated hosting not by offering a sub-standard product at a low price, but by offering a top-quality, feature rich product at an incredible price. ServerPronto offers fast, reliable servers with everything you need to operate on the Internet. Whether you are using server for web development, tinkering, email, photos, gaming, reselling, or all of the above and more, ServerPronto will deliver an outstanding experience.

The Worlds Most Inexpensive Dedicated Server:ServerPronto is the best deal on dedicated servers. Monthly and setup fees of ServerPronto are the best in the business, especially with network uptime guarantee. ServerPronto continuously focus to deliver competitive prices all the time. Now ServerPronto offering FREE Setup when you choose Quarterly Billing and activation within 2 hours! You can also easily customize your dedicated server. That means you have option to choose Hard Drive, RAM, Operating System, Control Panel (CentOS, Debain, Fedora Core, FreeBSD, Gentoo, OpenBSD, OpenSUSE, RedHat Enterprise Linux RedHat Enterprise Linux 64 Bit, Suse, Ubuntu, Ubuntu 64-Bit, Windows 2003, Windows 2003 64 Bit, Windows 2003 Enterprise, Windows 2003 Web, Windows 2008, Windows 2008 64-Bit, Windows 2008 Enterprise, Windows 2008 Web), Microsoft SQL, Managed Firewall, 24/7 Uptime Support,FTP Backup Space, Additional IP Addresses, Port, Bandwidth and Voice Support option.

99.99% Uptime Guarantee:ServerPronto offers 99.99% network uptime guarantee. Carrier Class data centers feature state-of-the-art hardware, network and fully redundant connectivity to provide customers with a high-performing, reliable server. All the servers have plenty of power to meet customers needs, and the connection is fast and reliable.

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An Ext2 file system contains a component named 'superblock' to save critical information about the file system. This component, if corrupted, gives an error at the time of mounting of the hard disk partition. The data saved in the hard disk partition becomes inaccessible after the superblock corruption error message pops up. An easy way to access the data post any such error message is by restoring it from an updated backup. However, if backup file is unreadable or incomplete, then the only option is to use a commercial Linux Data Recovery utility.

Consider a real-time scenario, wherein, you receive the underneath error message while trying to mount your hard drive volume:

":~$ sudo e2fsck -c /dev/sda1e2fsck 1.39 (29-May-2006)/dev/sda1: recovering journal/dev/sda1: Attempt to read block from filesystem resulted in short read while reading block Z

JBD: Failed to read block at offset 22321JBD: IO error -5 recovering block 22321 in log/dev/sda1: Attempt to read block from filesystem resulted in short read while reading block 23896

JBD: Failed to read block at offset 22328JBD: IO error -5 recovering block 22328 in log/dev/sda1: Attempt to read block from filesystem resulted in short read while reading block 23895

JBD: Failed to read block at offset 22327JBD: IO error -5 recovering block 22327 in loge2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to re-open /dev/sda1e2fsck: io manager magic bad! "

After the above error message appears, the data saved in the hard drive volume becomes inaccessible.

Cause:

As stated in the error message, the superblock is corrupted.

Resolution:

Below guidelines help you to isolate the above error message, and to rectify it:

* Run e2fsck -b command to repair the corrupted superblock.

* If the message persists after running the above command, then run the same command using an alternative superblock.

* However, if the problem continues, then you will need to re-install the operating system. Though this step ensures 100% success in resolving the above error message, it also deletes the data from your hard drive volume. To recover the lost data, you will need to opt for a third-party Linux Recovery application.

Data Recovery Linux tools are readily available on the Internet and can be used by any non-technical user.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery recoups formatted files from Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, and FAT based hard drive volumes. The read only software supports almost all Linux distributions. The wizard-style interface of the Linux data Recovery tool makes the recovery process easy and simple. This tool supports recovery from IDE, EIDE, SATA, and other types of hard drives, and is compatible with a wide range of Linux distributions, like, SUSE, Ubuntu, Mandrake, Gentoo and SlackWare.

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