Linux Community Magazine

The hard drives can be divided in one or more parts, known as partitions. The division of hard drive is described in partition table, stored in sector 0 of hard drive. Linux operating system requires at least one hard drive partition, namely for the root file system. It may use the swap files and swap partitions, however the latter are quite efficient. Thus, generally you may want second Linux hard drive partition devoted as the swap partitions. In some cases, improper use of hard drive management tools can cause data loss and need Linux Data Recovery to be sorted out.

On the Intel hardware, the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) that boots up your system and can generally only access first 1024 cylinders of hard drive. Due to the same, you may need to create third hard drive partitions if your hard drive is large in size. This partitions is generally mounted on the /boot, for storing kernel image and some auxiliary files required at boot time, so that BIOS can access them.

You can create the manipulate the partition table in Linux using a menu drive program, known as fdisk. However, this tool can not understand the GPT (GUID Partition Table) and is not work with large partitions. Fdisk understands DOS partition table and BSD/SUN disklabels.

The Fdisk automatically obtains the hard drive geometry, if possible. It is not inevitably physical disk geometry (as modern hard drive don't actually have physical geometry), but is disk geometry that is used for DOS type partition tables.

Generally everything works fine if only the Linux operating system is installed on your drive. But, in dual-boot configuration, you should let the Fdisk from other operating system create at least one partitions. While booting the Linux operating system, it considers partition table and attempts to derive what geometry is needed for effective cooperation with another operating system.

Before you proceed for any operation on your hard drive, it is recommended to create complete backup of your significant data. When you backup data using dd command, you need to be careful. A minor mistake may cause severe data loss and need Data Recovery Linux to be handled.

Linux Data Recovery is possible with the help of powerful third-party tools, known as Linux Recovery Software. The applications are particularly designed to carry out thorough scan of the drive and extract lost, missing, and inaccessible data from it.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most advanced tool for absolute recovery. The software recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, FAT16, and FAT12 file system volumes. It is compatible with all major distributions of Linux operating system including Red Hat, Debian, SUSE, and Fedora.

In Linux operating system, the hard drive volumes are mounted by the disk labels, in place of the device paths. It is a quite effective approach because the disk path and name can get changed when you boot your system and so can create a number of complications for your system. Therefore, the labels are assigned to Linux volumes so that they can mount at correct place. But in some situations, the disks can not be mounted and accessed due to disk label corruption and you come across critical data loss situations. In order to extract lost data in such situations, Linux Data Recovery is required.

The disk label is a quite significant data structure for accessing a Linux hard drive volume. All the entires for volumes to be mounted during boot time are stored in /etc/fstab file. When disk labels get damaged, Linux volumes can not be mounted and thus all your critical data becomes inaccessible.

This issue may occur during boot time. In case of unexpected system shutdown, when you reboot the system, fsck runs automatically at startup. This command-line utility checks integrity of hard drive and file system to detect and repair errors. However, incomplete or improper processing of this tool may increase the chances of file system corruption and data loss. This behavior of Linux operating system needs Data Recovery Linux to be handled.

When you run the fdisk command to manipulate hard drive partition table, following error message may occur and the process gets terminated:

"Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)"

The above error indicates that the label of particular volume is corrupted and due to the same, volume can not be either seen or accessed. In such cases, backup proves as real help to restore your data from affected storage media. But in case if the backup is not available, Linux Recovery Software are needed for extracting lost data.

These applications are particularly designed to thoroughly scan the whole hard drive and extract all lost, missing, and inaccessible data from it. The Linux Data Recovery applications are completely easy to use as they have simple and rich graphical user interface. With read-only and non-destructive conduct, such tools perform safe recovery without altering original data on the drive.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most efficient and powerful application for assured recovery. It recovers lost data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, FAT16, and FAT12 file system volumes. The software is compatible with all major distributions of Linux such as SUSE, Debian, Fedora, and Red Hat.

Sometimes we may be feel hesitate when try to decide which website hosting providers as lots of these companies are around the market. Commonly, there are two different hosting plans - window website hosting and linux website hosting. Well, I believe window web hosting is not a strange name anymore. In term of charge rate, window website hosting usually more expensive due to licensee issue from Microsoft. But in term of services and features, both of them are quite similar. Following I will bring you guys to understand more about window website hosting and linux website hosting.

Since a decade ago, Microsoft has been active in the operating systems market. Nowadays, almost 90% of the computer terminals using Microsoft products and due to this significant monopoly by Microsoft, most people already implant a mindset of using Microsoft Windows. Window Based server is about 20% less than the total websites on the internet. This is mainly due to linux website hosting equally able to provide the similar result with lower price.

A few reasons attract people to use window website hosting:

1.net technologies including ASP. Window website hosting has.net technologies including ASP.net whereas linux web hosting do not have it. This feature is necessary if you want to set up website which requires.net technologies and ASP.net.

2. Access Database. Window web hosting has this option. This option only compatible and only available on window web hosts but not on Linux Hosts.

3. MSSQL. MSSQL is an enterprise class database which set up by Microsoft. linux web hosts also have this feature which only is common enterprise class database. If you really require Microsoft's MSSQL enterprise class database, then you have to go for Window Hosts.

4. Share points Service. For Window Hosts, it has its own share points feature which is known as 2003 Frontpage. This feature only available on Window Hosts.

After reading the above, I would like to bring your attention to Linux Hosts now:

1. Free of Charge Enterprise Class Website. Basically linux web hosts are open source platform where everybody can install and use it. It offers lots of major services for free. It can link together with other services like Apache, MySQL and PHP in order to provide infrastructure for many high traffic websites.

2. Better PHP. As in compare between Linux Host and Window Host, Linux Host can run better PHP. But if the PHP scripts are in heavy load, then there will be no much different between them.

3. Cheaper Rate. As in overall, Linux Host is cheaper by 20% than Window Host.

So a conclusion, if your website utilizes lots of Microsoft based technologies. Then Window Host is more suitable for you. And if your website utilizes other technologies, then Linux Host will be more suitable for you. Furthermore, you can save more by using Linux Host.

Linux Web Hosting services are usually available in cheapest webhosting packages with great features. If you are searching for a cheap webhosting then Linux Web Hosting is one of the best option for you with a wealth of features at an acceptable cost. It's also a good idea to consider that any reputable web hosting provider will allow you to modify the specifications of your Linux web hosting service so that you can create a web hosting package that is more ideal for you.With the help of Linux web hosting a company can built its website by using Linux Operating system & it's an open-source Linux operating system to drive its servers. Linux Web hosting helps us to build our website on a large enterprise or you can migrate your website from a small business to large scale along with many features and advantages over your competitors alike. There are several packages are available in the market for Linux Webhosting, but it's very hard to choose one out of them. Once you decid e your budget along with your required feature then you can easily decide which package is best for you and that will further improve your chances of doing well in business. As it's an open-source based, Linux Web Hosting allows us to take advantage of wide range of other free and the best and popular known open-source technologies & applications like XML, PHP, MySQL etc. Linux Web Hosting offers us good flexibility with low cost in comparison to Window Hosting. It also provides high accessibility & availability of the web applications for the end users. The open source programming community also claims that we can quickly access, repair and apply patches for any glitches if a site encounter. It also provides high accessibility & availability of the web applications. The open source programming community also claims that we can quickly access, repair and apply patches for any glitches if a site encounter.

Hosting website on Linux provides a consistence and secure environment as it uses less resource on the server. Security is the very important factor offered by Linux web hosting because Linux servers provides many different mechanism and applications and it helps to offer a highly secure web hosting environment. Like it your website is containing the personal information about you and your clients then it's very important you to be use a secure web hosting environment because you are the only one for all the personal and secure information and data if any of the information is leaked.

Are you finding difficulties in mounting your Linux system disk? The problem could be due to corruption in the file system. To address such issues, Linux OS provides fsck utility. It is a command-line utility, which checks integrity and consistency of the Linux file system. In addition, it finds errors and fixes them, if possible. However, if you run this utility on a mounted file system, then you may not be able to access the data at all. In such cases, you should use a third-party Linux data recovery software to perform data recovery Linux system.

Consider a scenario wherein you have accidentally run fsck on a mounted Linux OS. The inode root gets damaged and all inodes start calling similar blocks. When you try to mount the volume after fsck, the following error message is discovered:

"Mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/hda1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so"

When you run dmesg, as suggested in the error message, another error message may be displayed, that is:

"ext3-fs: corrupt root inode, run e2fsck"

And when you run e2fsck, yet another error message is displayed, that is:

"Root inode is not a directory. Clear?"

Once you press 'Y' and proceed with the process, the parent entry of each inode from the root directory will be deleted. The root inode will attempt to recover but if it fails, another error message will be displayed, that is:

"Cannot Allocate Root Inode"

After this error message, you will not be able to access your system.

Cause:

This behavior is caused due to corruption of the file system, superblock, root inode, or any other Linux data structure. Because of this, the OS cannot locate the hard disk volumes.

Resolution:

To sort out this problem and perform Linux data recovery, you should reformat the hard disk and reinstall the Linux operating system. However, that would invariably mean that your valuable data will be lost. In such cases, you should use a third-party Linux recovery to Recover Linux lost data. Such tools are able to recover lost data safely by using fast yet sophisticated scanning algorithms.