Linux Community Magazine

File system is the most critical data structure of Linux operating system, which is responsible for organizing data on the hard drive. It ensures quick and easy accessing of your data from the disk. Linux uses file system entries to locate files on the hard drive and access them. But, in some cases, the Linux file system become read-only and you can not access data from your system. The system even refuse to boot up and you come across data loss scenarios. To retrieve lost data in such cases, Linux Data Recovery is required.

In a practical scenario, you may encounter the following error message on your Linux computer that is dual-boot with Windows operating system:

"Read-only file system"

The above error message occurs while mounting Linux partition. After this error message, you can not write or edit data on the hard drive. At the same time, your Linux system may stop responding and you need to do hard reboot.

This behavior of Linux operating system creates mayhem for you and your most valuable assets- data. It might create a thought in your mind that if you need to perform Linux Recovery or not. In order to find out the possibility of data recovery, you need to consider exact cause of this problem. The above issue may occur due to any of the below reasons-

Disk failure

File system corruption

Wrong unlock addresses for the LPC flash chip

If the hard drive is failed, file system is mounted in the read-only mode to prevent further damage to your system. To detect and fix the problem, try out following things-

Check file system errors. If you can not unmount the file system, force the file system check on next system boot. If you find any error, hard drive formatting and file system rebuilding is required.

Run fsck command-line utility on the failed Linux hard drive. It detects and repairs minor file system errors.

If you format the hard drive, all of your critical data is removed from the drive. In order to retrieve lost data in such cases, Linux Recovery solutions are required.

Recovery is best possible with the help of powerful and advanced Linux Data Recovery applications. The software work in all cases of logical data loss. With read-only conduct and rich graphical user interface, the applications are completely safe and easy to use.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most advanced and efficient tool for assured recovery. It recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, and FAT16 file system volumes. The software is compatible with all major distributions of Linux operating system including Red Hat, SUSE, Fedora, and Debian.

The Linux file systems are extremely powerful and they work great, particularly the Ext3 file system. It is an extremely robust and mature file system. The file system remains consistent even after a system crash or unexpected power failure. In such cases, you need not to perform long hard drive checks for repairing the file system. There is no possibility of disk fragmentation and a number of more advanced feature and direct deletion of files is one among them. When you delete a file, it is not moved to trash and you do not encounter any message box. But this feature increases the chances of accidental deletion and require Linux Data Recovery if you remove any significant file.

It happens to almost every Linux user sooner or later, just after pressing the Enter key, you realize the mistake, but it's so late. You have deleted a critical file from your Linux hard drive for which you do not have backup. Or may be the backup is not updated or damaged. It may create panic situations for most of the users, but you should keep in mind that files are folders are never deleted physically from the hard drive.

After you delete the file or directory, it remains physically intact until it is being overwritten by any other file or directory. Thus, you need to immediately remount the hard drive as read-only. There are various methods of perform Data Recovery Linux automatically or manually. Most of the computer operating systems has some or the other utilities to retrieve deleted files.

In Ext3 file system, you can use Ext3grep utility to retrieve deleted files from the Linux hard drive. It is actually a Linux utility, which is able to retrieve completely deleted files from Ext3 file system volumes. Using this utility is completely safe as it does not overwrite data on the disk.

Although, the Ext3grep is a quite significant and useful utility to recover lost Linux data, but it has some disadvantages as well. This tool can not recover files that are larger than 2 GB in size and can not retrieve files that are deleted due to any other reason.

In these cases, Linux Data Recovery applications come for your rescue. These are effective third party utilities, which allow you to perform Linux Recovery on your own. With read-only and non-destructive conduct, the applications are completely safe to use.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most efficient solution for all Linux data loss situations. It recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, FAT16, and FAT12 file system volumes. The software works with all major distributions of Linux operating system including Mandriva, SUSE, Red Hat, Fedora, and Debian.

Modern distributions of Linux operating systems use UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) to uniquely identify hard drive or other data storage devices, in place of the conventional block names like /dev/sdb and /dev/hda1. It is due to the fact that UUID is never modified, even if the hard drive is switched. It is stable as compared to traditional methods, and prevents system failure and need of Linux Data Recovery solutions.

UUID is a 128-bit string that is used for making the Linux hard disk management simple. If you look at /etc/fstab file in your Linux computer, you find the entry in the following format, in place of the familiar hard drive designation:

UUID=62fa5eac-3df4-448d-a576-916dd5b432f2

In comparison to the traditional hard drive identification techniques, UUID is quite easy and reliable. For instance, in the traditional Linux systems, when you try to insert a new hard drive in a system that already has two hard drives, the drive is inserted between existing drives. At this point, 'mount' command attempts to mount the newly inserted drives as home.

In such situation, you need to log on as a single user for resolving the problem. However, when you log on, it gives you some error message and in the worst case scenario, you may encounter kernel panic. You can fix this issue using UUID.

UUID creates a unique entry for each hard disk volume in the Linux file system tree. Using UUID offers easy management of your Linux hard disks and creates less complication while adding or removing the disk.

Although, UUID is quite useful and it provides various advanced features, but it also has some faults. Sometimes, you may encounter the below error message when you attempt to access a UUID based Linux hard drive:

"Fsck 1.40.8 (13-Mar-200fsck.ext3: Unable to resolve 'UUID=d8533154-cef1-4cce-a823-9f3f74aab65b'"

After the above error message, you can not access the particular hard drive. All the data stored on your hard drive become inaccessible and you come across critical data loss. At this point, Linux Recovery Software come for your rescue.

The applications perform absolute Data recovery linux in most of the logical data loss situations, using advanced scanning algorithms. These tools enable you to perform Linux Recovery on your own as they have self-descriptive and simple graphical user interface. With read-only and non-destructive behavior, the applications are completely safe to use.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most comprehensive application for perfect recovery of all lost data. The software is compatible with all Linux distributions including SUSE, Debian, Red Hat, and Fedora. It recovers lost data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, FAT16, and FAT12 file system volumes.

Think back to the first time you ever heard of the rise of the Linux OS. I find my self constantly drawn back to the subject of the rise of the Linux OS. While it is becoming a hot topic for debate, several of todays most brilliant minds seem incapable of recognising its increasing relevance to understanding future generations. The juxtapositioning of the rise of the Linux OS with fundamental economic, social and political strategic conflict draws criticism from the easily lead, whom I can say no more about due to legal restrictions. Though I would rather be in bed I will now examine the primary causes of the rise of the Linux OS.

Social Factors

Society is our own everyday reality. The immortal and indispensable phrase 'honesty is the best policy' [1] shead new light on the rise of the Linux OS, allowing man to take it by the hand and understand its momentum. A child's approach to the rise of the Linux OS raises the question 'why?'

Special care must be taken when analysing such a delicate subject. On the other hand anyone that disagrees with me is an idiot. It is intrinsically linked to adolescent inner acclimatisation.

Economic Factors

Economics has been defined as 'I'll scratch your back if you scratch mine.' To my learned ear that sounds like two people with itchy backs. We shall examine the Fish-Out-Of-Water model, as is standard in this case.

Indisputably there is a link. How can this be explained? My personal view is that oil prices will continue to follow the rise of the Linux OS for the foreseeable future. The financial press seems unable to make up its mind on these issues which unsettles investors.

Political Factors

Machiavellian politics is rife. Are our leaders justified in pursuing and maintaining political power? Contrasting the numerous political activists campaigning for the interests of the rise of the Linux OS can be like looking at the rise of the Linux OS and ones own image of themselves.

Take a moment to consider the words of jazz singer Xaviera Woodpecker 'I don't believe in ghosts, but I do believe in democracy.' [2] Considered by many to be one of the 'Founding Fathers' of the rise of the Linux OS, his words cannot be over-looked. Both spectacular failure and unequaled political accomplishment may be accredited to the rise of the Linux OS.

One of the great ironies of this age is the rise of the Linux OS. Isn't it ironic, don't you think?

Conclusion

We can conclude that the the rise of the Linux OS has played a large part in the development of man in the 20th Century and its influence remains strong. It collaborates successfully, it stimulates and is always fashionably late.

Here with the final word is Hollywood's Britney Cruise: 'I demand the rise of the Linux OS, nothing more nothing less.'

Read all about the Linux OS on your iPhone at

Computers have been around for some years now and almost every thing is computerized and many people are making a lot of money out of it. Most of the code written aren't open source because they don't want to show their codes off but there are other companies such as Linux which has been producing a lot of open source code. Linux because of this feature has become very famous. Almost half of the computers round the globe use Linux operating systems as they are very secure and are easy for up gradation. Most of the servers around the globe run on the Linux operating system.

This shows the reliability that Linux has. Linux has been promoting a lot of educational activities through various certification programs. One such certification program of Linux is the Linux+ certification. The Linux+ certification exam is vendor neutral and paves way for a person to attend the future Linux exams such as the famous Linux red hat. It requires a person to have at least 6 months of work experience in Linux language and also requires a person to have the A+ certification and network certification. A lot of companies around the globe require Linux professionals and for this purpose the certification attains greater importance.

One of the ways to clear the exam is to keep practicing the installation, configuration, diagnosing and trouble shooting of Linux in various systems. Some of the big names of the IT industry such a IBM,HP and also Intel recognize this certification and are always on the look out for professionals with this certification. The exam mainly consists of the following contents. It has Linux planning, implementation, Installation, configuration, administration, system maintenance, trouble shooting, installing mainframe hardware, diagnosing and trouble shooting. The questions are distributed based on these topics and the marks are disbursed among these topics. The exam requires good understanding of the concepts and their application.