Linux Community Magazine

In Linux operating system, the superblock stores important information about the files, folders, inode tables, block group size, disk block map and file system. Corruption in superblock primarily occurs due to file system damage, metadata structure malfunctioning, software bugs and more. Two major consequences of the corrupted superblock are unbootable system and inaccessible data. In such situations, you need to restore the data from the latest backup. However, in case of absence of an updated backup, you need to use powerful Linux Data Recovery software.As a practical scenario, you moved all your music files to a Linux volume. When you attempt to boot your Linux hard drive, you encounter the below error message:Couldn't find valid filesystem superblockdumpe2fs: Attempt to read block from filesystem resulted in a short read while trying to open /dev/hdd1Running FSCK -f on /dev/hdd gives another error message:Couldn't find ext2 superblock, trying backup blocks...fsck.ext3: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/hddAll the music files become inaccessible after the occurrence of above error message. Cause:The above error message primarily occurs because of superblock corruption. Resolution:To troubleshoot and resolve the above problem, you will need to take these steps: Run the Linux Rescue CD and try to boot the system. Now you need to type fdisk l to list all disks and volumes. Boot the system by using an alternate superblock. However, if the above solutions fall short of resolving the above problem, you should reinstall Linux operating system. In such situations, all the data from your hard drive volume gets erased. To systematically recover and restore data from formatted Linux hard drive volume, you need to opt for powerful Linux Recovery software.Such Linux Recovery tools do complete scan and recovery of the affected volume by incorporating effective scanning methods. These recovery utilities recover and restore data a fter issues like superblock corruption, group descriptors faults and inode table damage. With highly graphical documentation, these tools are self-explanatory without any prior technical knowledge. They serve as user-friendly utilities due to their largely automated recovery procedures and simple graphical screens.Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the foremost Linux Recovery application. It is compatible with Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file system based Linux volumes. This read only Data Recovery Linux utility gets installed on Windows (Vista, XP, 2003 and 2000) and the affected Linux drive is connected as slave.

In Linux and UNIX operating systems, daemon is the computer program that runs in the background other than direct control of a user. You can use these daemons to configure your hardware (like devfsd) and perform tasks like scheduled run of cron in your Linux system. But sometimes, these programs fail to start while booting the Linux system. It can occur due to certain inconsistencies or corruption issues in the file system. In such situations, you need to use a recent and valid data backup to restore the data. However, if the data backup fails to provide the required results, efficient Linux Data Recovery applications can be used to recover the lost files. Consider a scenario, you try to boot Linux system and daemons fail to start. Additionally, when you reboot the system, you get a GRUB error message. When you use the boot disk to mount your root partition, it fails. CauseAs described above, if root partitions file system suffers corruption, the daemons may fail to start at bootup. It can occur if any of the metadata structures like superblock, inode etc. is damaged due to user errors like unexpected system shutdown, incorrect use of commands and more. Solution You can follow these steps to solve this issue: You can run the fsck command to diagnose and repair file system issues of hard disks root partition. The fsck is a command-line utility that can fix various issues of file system corruption. If you find errors that fsck cant fix and still observe the same issues, you need to reformat the hard disk and restore the lost data from a recent data backup. A format operation erases all the data from the selected Linux partition or volume. But, if you do not have a valid data backup, you need to scan your hard disk using Linux Recovery software to recover the lost or inaccessible files. Linux Data Recovery applications are specially designed to scan drives affected from logical data loss. These software can locate the missing information and t hen safely restore it. You will find such Data Recovery Linux tools with user-friendly interface plus remarkably fine recovery capabilities. Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is an effective Linux Recovery solution. The application supports Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file systems. It is compatible with most of the Linux distributions like RedHat, TurboLinux, Slackware etc. It gets installed on Windows (Windows Vista, XP, 2003 and 2000) and the affected Linux hard drive should be connected as slave.

In Linux operating system, fsck (file system check) is a command-line utility that allows you to check file system and hard drive integrity. Using this tool, you can even fix some minor errors of file system. Generally, it runs automatically during system boot when Linux detects that the file system is not in consistent state, indicating improper system shutdown like power loss or system crash. However, if you run fsck tool on physical volume, you may come across some odd error messages. The errors prevent you from accessing your data and lead to data loss. At this point, you need to use Linux Data Recovery solutions to extract lost data.

When you get such error messages, experts suggest to use the 'pacman' utility for upgrading your Linux kernel and reboot the system for finalizing this operation.

Pacman is an application of Linux operating system, which is used for managing other applications. This tool uses simple files in form of packages and organizes the text-based databases. This is helpful in adding, deleting, and upgrading the packages in Linux computer.

After completion of kernel up-gradation process, if you try to restart the system, system does not boot up. It may stuck on the boot screen. Despite of loading the GRUB (Grand Unified Boot Loader) and starting, the system just display "loading GRUB" message.

In such cases, if you boot the system using floppy, you may get the below error message:

"ERROR: (device hda1): XT_GETPAGE: xtree page corrupt ERROR: (device hda1): XT_GETPAGE: xtree page corrupt"

Subsequent to above error message, if you run fsck tool, the following error occurs:

"Errors detected in Primary File/Directory Allocation Table.File system object FF65726 linked as: /var/run/random-seed File claims cross linked block(s). Cannot repair FF65726."

Cause

This problem is caused by corruption to GRUB or Linux file system. In such cases, hard drive formatting is required, which removes all the data from hard drive. To recover lost data, Data Recovery Linux is required.

You can recover lost data using Data Recovery Linux applications. These are third-party applications, which are capable of methodically scanning the entire storage media and extract lost data from it. The Linux Recovery Software have simple and self-descriptive rich graphical user interface to provide ease of use. With read-only and non-destructive conduct, the applications are safe to use.

Stellar Phoenix Linux data Recovery is the best ever made tool for quick and safe recovery of lost Linux data. It recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, and FAT16 file system volumes. The software works well with all major distributions of Linux operating system.

File system is the most critical data structure of Linux operating system, which is responsible for organizing data on the hard drive. It ensures quick and easy accessing of your data from the disk. Linux uses file system entries to locate files on the hard drive and access them. But, in some cases, the Linux file system become read-only and you can not access data from your system. The system even refuse to boot up and you come across data loss scenarios. To retrieve lost data in such cases, Linux Data Recovery is required.

In a practical scenario, you may encounter the following error message on your Linux computer that is dual-boot with Windows operating system:

"Read-only file system"

The above error message occurs while mounting Linux partition. After this error message, you can not write or edit data on the hard drive. At the same time, your Linux system may stop responding and you need to do hard reboot.

This behavior of Linux operating system creates mayhem for you and your most valuable assets- data. It might create a thought in your mind that if you need to perform Linux Recovery or not. In order to find out the possibility of data recovery, you need to consider exact cause of this problem. The above issue may occur due to any of the below reasons-

Disk failure

File system corruption

Wrong unlock addresses for the LPC flash chip

If the hard drive is failed, file system is mounted in the read-only mode to prevent further damage to your system. To detect and fix the problem, try out following things-

Check file system errors. If you can not unmount the file system, force the file system check on next system boot. If you find any error, hard drive formatting and file system rebuilding is required.

Run fsck command-line utility on the failed Linux hard drive. It detects and repairs minor file system errors.

If you format the hard drive, all of your critical data is removed from the drive. In order to retrieve lost data in such cases, Linux Recovery solutions are required.

Recovery is best possible with the help of powerful and advanced Linux Data Recovery applications. The software work in all cases of logical data loss. With read-only conduct and rich graphical user interface, the applications are completely safe and easy to use.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most advanced and efficient tool for assured recovery. It recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, and FAT16 file system volumes. The software is compatible with all major distributions of Linux operating system including Red Hat, SUSE, Fedora, and Debian.

The Linux file systems are extremely powerful and they work great, particularly the Ext3 file system. It is an extremely robust and mature file system. The file system remains consistent even after a system crash or unexpected power failure. In such cases, you need not to perform long hard drive checks for repairing the file system. There is no possibility of disk fragmentation and a number of more advanced feature and direct deletion of files is one among them. When you delete a file, it is not moved to trash and you do not encounter any message box. But this feature increases the chances of accidental deletion and require Linux Data Recovery if you remove any significant file.

It happens to almost every Linux user sooner or later, just after pressing the Enter key, you realize the mistake, but it's so late. You have deleted a critical file from your Linux hard drive for which you do not have backup. Or may be the backup is not updated or damaged. It may create panic situations for most of the users, but you should keep in mind that files are folders are never deleted physically from the hard drive.

After you delete the file or directory, it remains physically intact until it is being overwritten by any other file or directory. Thus, you need to immediately remount the hard drive as read-only. There are various methods of perform Data Recovery Linux automatically or manually. Most of the computer operating systems has some or the other utilities to retrieve deleted files.

In Ext3 file system, you can use Ext3grep utility to retrieve deleted files from the Linux hard drive. It is actually a Linux utility, which is able to retrieve completely deleted files from Ext3 file system volumes. Using this utility is completely safe as it does not overwrite data on the disk.

Although, the Ext3grep is a quite significant and useful utility to recover lost Linux data, but it has some disadvantages as well. This tool can not recover files that are larger than 2 GB in size and can not retrieve files that are deleted due to any other reason.

In these cases, Linux Data Recovery applications come for your rescue. These are effective third party utilities, which allow you to perform Linux Recovery on your own. With read-only and non-destructive conduct, the applications are completely safe to use.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most efficient solution for all Linux data loss situations. It recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, FAT16, and FAT12 file system volumes. The software works with all major distributions of Linux operating system including Mandriva, SUSE, Red Hat, Fedora, and Debian.