Linux Community Magazine

A dual boot or multi boot is a system in which two operating systems are installed on a single hard drive, letting you boot from either of the operating system. The boot loader is a program which allows you to have dual booting. General combination of operating systems exercised in dual booting includes Linux and Windows. The dual booting allows you to use features and functions of both of the operating systems on a single computer. Dual boot systems are mostly useful for programmers and testers. Although, dual boot systems are very useful but sometimes they can also cause several problems. A minor mistake made by the user while making a dual boot system can lead to the several catastrophic problems. A common mistake made by the users, while making a dual boot system, is selecting "prepare hard drive" option. This option appears you when you install Windows operating system on a Linux system, in order to make it multi boot. When you use this option, all of the hard drive p artitions and stored data gets deleted. After that new partitions are created and the operating system is installed. When the installation will complete, you will have a blank hard drive without any operating system and data. Everything, which was previously stored on the hard drive, will be deleted. Data loss and hard drive partition loss is the worst case scenario which a computer user, either general or professional, could face. It can cause several nightmares and can possibly put you out of the business. In such circumstances, it becomes really important to recover your precious data from the formatted hard drive to save you and your business. The data recovery in these cases needs to be performed for the Linux data. The data recovery Linux is possible through the use of Linux data recovery software. Linux recovery software is the applications, offered by the several data recovery companies, to handle all the data loss situations. A powerful data recovery Linux software does a thorough scan of the hard drive and extracts data up to the maximum level of possibility. To ensure the absolute Linux data recovery, selecting powerful Linux recovery software of trusted brand is worth. Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery software is the most influential hard drive recovery software provided by the most trusted name of the data recovery industry- Stellar. This software is able to attend all the data loss scenarios and recover data in a quick and easy way. This Linux Recovery software is extremely powerful and easy to use so that you can carry out Linux data recovery without having any sound technical knowledge. This software supports all the Linux file systems such as Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS.

When you start your Linux system, at boot time, the process may get terminated and you might come across with the following error message:"Can't Locate Module "After this error message, the system does not boot and none of your data can be accessed from it. CauseThis error message usually occurs if modprobe, rmmod, or insmod files are not able to find a module. Due to this, the system can not access the required system files to boot and thus shows the error message. Modprobe- It is a system file that intelligently adds or removes the modules from the Linux kernel. It looks in module directory "/lib/modules/uname -r" for all modules and other files. Insmod- It is a trivial tool for inserting a module in the Linux kernel. It takes the module from standard input. If this tool tries to link the modules inside the Linux kernel, the error messages are thrown. Rmmod- It uploads the loadable modules from running Linux kernel. It tries to upload the set of module s from kernel, with restriction that they aren't in use and that they aren't referred to by other ones. These system files can't perform their tasks if they are corrupted. The corruption could be due to virus attack, file system corruption, improper system shutdown and so on. ResolutionIn such critical situations, the only solution to work around this problem is to format the primary partition of your hard drive and reinstall the operating system. It will remove all the errors and will install a new set of data structures and a fresh Linux kernel. Though, formatting will remove the errors, but also delete the data stored on the primary partition. The situations can become worse if you have not partitioned your hard drive and stored all of precious data on it. In such circumstances, you need for a solution which can recover your lost data and can save you and your business. These solutions are available in the form of Linux recovery software. Linux data recovery software is t he third party applications, specifically designed to meet different users' data recovery requirements. The data recovery Linux software are easy to use and thus do not require any sound technical knowledge from user's side. Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery software is the best ever made and the most comprehensive Linux recovery software which carries out absolute data recovery Linux. You can use this software to perform Linux data recovery for all flavors and can recover all of sorts of lost files.

File system holds all the information about the files located on the hard disk. Without this, your operating system would not be able to locate the data as then no memory pointer would be there. So for any operating system, including Linux, this is the top priority task that file system should remain free from corruption, else to fall for Linux recovery. But while dealing with Linux systems, having Ext2 file system being uses, the following error message may push you in a real critical situation:EXT2-fs error (device 09:00): ext2_check_descriptors: Block bitmap fonot in group (block 3670099)!EXT2-fs: group descriptors corruptedLets come to the Linux file system structure. The Block Group is the components which commutatively create the file system and they create a block group descriptor which is responsible for managing and controlling the file creation and accessing acts. This data structure possesses the Block Bitmap, Super Block, Inode Bitmap and Inode Table like infor mation, which plays the significant role in Linux file systems.Now as the use of this data structure becomes more, its components drift towards corruption and hence giving rise to file system corruption too. In this specific error message, Block bitmap has got corrupted, which acts as the map of the entire blocks in the group. If you will run fsck in this case, perhaps the error messages, stating the corruption in superblock may also be found, firming your belief that EXT2 has got corrupted harshly.If you can locate and then run fsck with the alternate data structures, then you have a chance of Linux data recovery without any pain or else refresh the copy of the file system. But With the second option, be ready to lose all your data. Fortunately, third party data recovery Linux can help you in this regard. These are the software which are designed to run a through scanning mechanism over the hard drive to offer the best Linux recovery results.Through their interactive inter face, these will help you use the Linux data recovery utilities without any problem. For avoiding any flaw in Linux recovery, this would be better if you make a good research prior.Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery software is the application, which proves as the best data recovery Linux help to the users. Its supportive nature to Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file systems and identification power to all type of file make this Linux recovery utility up to mark.Moreover, you would find an interactive interface to work with. This Linux data recovery tool is the ultimate one to solve all the data loss problems.

Do you see your Linux system running slow? The one reason could be the fragmentation in the hard disk. Sounds strange to hear? Till now, you might have heard that Linux file system don't need defragging as whole of the system is organized and lets file saving in a sequential way. But, this is not true up to 100%. Though the noticeable effects could be late (almost when 95% of hard disk becomes full), but the fragmentation in the Linux file systems is the truth.Now where fragmentation means the file is lying in the broken pieces, spread over different parts of hard drive, defragmentation is the exactly reverse process of making sure that no file is fragmented. Each of the file, you have, should lie on one contiguous area of the hard disk so that there is no stress on the file system and read/write head to access the data. More fragments of the file means there are more difficulties for Linux OS to perform. Your system may run slow as now it has to seek many areas of the har d drive to have a single file access. On top of that, file corruption and data loss cases are common with excessive fragmentation. So Linux users need to have defragging of their hard drive on the regular basis. How to have defragmentation?In Ext2 and Ext3 file systems, 'defrag' utility is the cure to have. But its application needs few set of precautions so as to avoid any Linux recovery need.First make the backup of the drive, preferably as an image of drive, as any wrong thing like power-failure, can make whole of the data gone. Secondly, in the process you are going to make an entirely new file system, so don't perform the procedure when you are not sure of the any step. In ext3 file system, the application demands that it should be converted into Ext2 first. But, this may create a data loss scenario as it may not know how to deal with the new features of Ext3 file system.In any of the case, when you face data loss, either due to the fault of not making backup, file syst em corruption or faults in the defrag process, data recovery Linux assures no regret. The concept of data loss doesn't end with data recovery Linux, but in fact with the intended software utilities, you can recover all you have lost. Linux recovery software are the programs, built to scan and recover all the lost data in an interactive way.Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery software works out the best in Linux data recovery field. The software advantages data recovery Linux in all data loss cases for Ext2, Ext3 and Resier FS file systems. Through the graphically rich user interface of this Linux recovery software, the whole task is quite easy and valuable.

Have you ever though that why nowadays, more and more people are turning towards Linux web hosting rather than the very conventional use of Windows web hosting? The most suitable answer to this deft change is stability. However, you may ask now, that on what terms is Linux more stable than windows? Contrasting windows, Linux is an open source operating system. The code is open and accessible to people, who can easily go through them and can recommend improvements. In addition to this, they are also allowed to point out bugs. Over the years, Linux has been developed in two smart categories such as Red Hat and Debian. It is a collective effort of thousands and thousands of people, who have worked really hard and have contributed their time to making Linux web hosting run faster and to provide simpler, more competent and bug free code.

The open programming environment, have made it easier to bring improvements regular basis. Also, the problems can be traced relatively quickly and solved with the least of complexity. A person, who is dependent on his website for any kind of business or other purpose, would not appreciate his site going offline as it is directly proportional to loss. This is the reason why every business wishes to procure a stable operating system so that they can totally avoid the miserable consequences of dreadful server crashes.

Second issue, where Linux gets an upper hand over windows is that while the new set up of an online site, whether or not, the operating system engaged will be able to use the full range of required software and scripts? Presently, most of the web hosting companies propose Linux web because whatever can be done with Windows hosting is completely possible with Linux Hosting as well. Today, almost all popular script packages on the web today are accessible in both Windows and Linux web hosting versions, where it has been widely accepted that Linux web hosting version is more stable and possess all of the features of windows.

Thirdly, expense, which is of course is one of the most important concerns, is also not an issue with Linux. Linux web hosting is usually offered at the equal charges as Windows web hosting. Hence now, with Linux, one can avail the same set of services at same price but additional features like: stability Applicable with all popular script packages

Another beneficial aspect, which is quite important to be mentioned here is that on Linux using PHP, it is much easier to program databases and this happens because even PHP was developed by the community and hence, is an open source.

Lastly, if you require Basic HTML pages, and have nothing to do with further additions of dynamic elements then Linux is the best pick for you. PHP, Perl and MySQL give you a whole range of possibilities. In order to gain more information about Linux web hosting, simply visit