Linux Community Magazine

CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is the standard check process that different files use to detect corruption inconsistencies, if any. Using this check, Linux systems ensure that kernel image hasn't changed after it was built. If system finds any mismatch between the original and current value, it doesn't proceed further while booting and eventually the system halts. Data becomes inaccessible and to restore lost information, you need to use your recent data backup. But if it gives errors or is found as incomplete or damaged, Linux Data Recovery applications can be used for data recovery. You might encounter the following error message when trying to boot your Linux-based computer:"CRC error - System Halted"This error message occurs immediately after system prompts: 'Uncompressing Linux'. System doesn't boot up and you cannot use CTRL-ALT-DEL key to reset the system.CausePossible causes of the above issue to occur are:* Kernel image is stored on bad sectors. When Linux kernel i mage gets uncompressed, it runs a CRC check to ensure its integrity. If checksum values don't match, it gives errors, as above. * Bad hard drive* Bad hardware components like system memory or CPU cache* File system issuesSolutionYou should follow these methods in order to fix this problem:* Use Live CD to boot your system. After this, you need to copy the kernel image from the bootable disk and delete the existing kernel image. Rename the copied image to the one that boot loader recognizes. If you use LILO (LInux LOader), you should run /sbin/lilo to translate present location of copied image to disk geometry language and write to partition's boot sector.* Backup all the possible data and replace the bad hard drive* Diagnose and replace the damaged hardware components* Run fsck, if file system is dirty* If problem persists, reformat the hard drive and restore from backupDisk formatting deletes all the existing information and if you observe any issues with your backup, you c an use Linux Recovery tools. These are effective Linux Data Recovery software that restore lost information using powerful and safe scanning algorithms. Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is an optimum tool to locate and recover lost data. It supports Ext2, Ext3, and ReiserFS file systems. This Linux Recovery tool provides advanced features including Disk Imaging, RAW File Recovery, File Filer etc. The application is compatible with most of the Linux distributions, like Red Hat, SlackWare, Turbo Linux, Sorcerer, SUSE etc.

Linux boot process proceeds in steps. At first, BIOS selects the boot device and loads the boot sector. The boot manager then loads the kernel image in RAM to execute and run the setup code. Kernel initializes all the installed devices, switches the CPU from Real Mode to Protected Mode, loads the compressed kernel and performs further boot process steps. But in case if system cannot find this kernel image, it will fail to boot. In such situations, your system either hangs or displays error messages and eventually, you cannot access your data. Data backup, if present, valid and updated, can be used to restore missing information. In case backup fails, you should use Linux Recovery Software to restore.You might encounter the similar error message when trying to boot a Linux-based system: "Could Not Find Kernel image: Linux"CauseYou receive this Kernel image error due to any of the possible reasons:* Missing configuration file. This file tells the system about te location of kernel image and initrd files* Name of kernel image file has been changed* Absent required parameters, for example /boot/grub/menu.lst is missing* Boot sector is corrupted or damagedSolution You can try following steps to overcome such issues:* Enter the boot line prompt and try using such commands:root (hd0,1)kernel /vmlinuz devfs=mount root=/dev/hda2initrd /initrd.imgbootOrroot (hd0,1)chainloader +1boot* If the above measure fails and you can get into GRUB command mode, you can use tab key and auto completion feature to find the missing kernel and initrd files. If no boot menu displays, enter into rescue mode.* Reformat the drive as the last solution. To restore lost data in this way, use your recent data backup or alternatively, commercial Linux Recovery tools (if backup is invalid or absent).Linux Recovery applications are specially designed tools that scan Linux-based disks for locating and recovering lost information. Such applications provide rich interface to work w ith and safe read-only design. In addition, you get advanced options that help enhancing recovery results. Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is a complete Data Recovery Linux tool. The application supports recovery from Ext2, Ext3, ReiserFS partitions. With powerful features like RAW File Recovery, File Filter, Disk Imaging, and similar such, this Linux Recovery software proves to be an efficient tool to recover. It is compatible with most of the Linux distributions, like Red Hat, SlackWare, Turbo Linux, SUSE etc.

fstab (also referred as file system table) is an important system configuration file in Linux. Located at /etc/fstab, this file lists all available disk and disk partitions. This file is used to determine disk initialization information and is usually used by mount command. Generally, while booting if system prompts that it cannot open fstab file, it indicates that the file system is corrupt. As its result, you lose data accessibility and to restore lost information, you require using your recent data backup. To get required results, data backup should be updated and healthy. In any case where data backup violates restoration, you are recommended to scan your drive using Linux Data Recovery software. You might receive the below error message while trying to boot a Linux based system:"Checking root filesystemWARNING: couldn't open /etc/fstab: Input/output error"The error message further describes fsck results that the superblock cannot be read and is corrupt.* uperblock is the data structure that describes a Linux file system itself. It contains file system metadata like file system type, size, status and generic information about other metadata structuresCauseThe most prominent cause of the above error message to occur is file system corruption. It can occur due to unexpected shutdown, incorrect use of terminal commands, virus infection and other similar reasons.SolutionThe fstab error could be corrected by following these methods:* Boot your system using Linux Live CD* After ensuring that the affected file system is not mounted, you should run fsck* Mount the partition and check if the same issue exists * If these steps cannot resolve the existing behavior, you should format and install. You need to restore lost data using your last data backup that should be valid and recently updated to offer desired results. While no backup availability or its invalid state, use Linux Recovery applications.Linux Data Recovery software are comprehensive a pplications that are equipped with powerful data recovery technology for Linux based drives. They can scan a logically crashed drive and offer safe and efficient lost data recovery in any case.Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is an advanced recovery tool for Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file systems. It efficiently recovers and restores lost data at a safe location. A read-only application that supports complete Data Recovery Linux for all Linux distributions like Sorcerer, SUSE, Mandrake, Red Hat, Turbo Linux, SlackWare etc.

Linux Root directory is the initial point, from where the system starts looking for the files stored on the hard disk. Each file and folder that you store on your Linux-based system is marked under this root directory. It is denoted by '/'. The Linux root directory further subdivides into subdirectories in hierarchical form. But you might experience frustrating experiences if this root directory gets corrupt. Besides giving certain error messages, it makes your data inaccessible. Thus it is must that you have valid copy of all the important data. But most of the times, users don't maintain or update their backup. In such situations, you should use Linux Data Recovery applications and scan your affected disk to restore lost information. All Linux directories (like /bin, /boot, /etc, /initrd, /usr, /home, /root tec.) are below this root directory, '/'. There can be several reasons that could corrupt it like unexpected shutdown, operating system errors and more. A Linux syste m shows abrupt behvior while the root directory is corrupt. Some of the typical errors that it shows while such situations are:* "No such file or directory"* System becomes unbootable * System fails to create or delete files and folders SolutionTo solve root directory corruption issues, you should try following these methods:* Try scanning your disk using fsck. You need to ensure that you run this command in single-user mode and the file system is not mounted.* If fsck fails to repair file system corruption, you should reformat the disk. This process will recreate the entire file system structure.Since formatting deletes all the data from hard disk, you need to check the status of backup. To get complete restoration results, the data backup must be completely updated and healthy. If you find that data backup cannot restore, use Data Recovery Linux tools. Linux Data Recovery software are advanced applications that use safe scanning algorithms to locate the missing informatio n. Such tools empower you easy data recovery through interactive user interface and well-documentation. You can use such utilities in each case of logical data loss. Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is a comprehensive data recovery tool for Linux-based system. It supports Data Recovery Linux for Ext2, Ext3, and ReiserFS file systems. The application provides you advanced features such as, RAW File Recovery, File Filter, Append File Header etc. It is compatible with almost all Linux distributions including Gentoo, SlackWare, Mandrake, Ubuntu, SUSE etc.

Okay, so you are after making money from behind a computer or to be exact from behind a mac. We won't be too surprised if you are already done with your website's design - there's a lot of amazing software for mac to design and program your websites. You've got WordPress platform, RapidWeaver, SandVox, Freeway Express and standalone OSX applications like Adobe DreamWeaver to help you create a totally stellar, kick-butt website. After you have your website done and indexed in search engines, the question is how to get it seated as close to the top of Google as possible. The whole point of creating a website is to get it visible, whether you plan to sell from it or just want to be heard, otherwise your whole work goes down the drain. This is where you start looking for mac SEO software or SEO software for Linux if you use that one. The process of looking for SEO software might get you befuddled when you are looking for an SEO toolkit to use on a PC, because there are too man y options. It will just as surely drive you crazy if you are looking for a piece of SEO software for mac or SEO tools for Linux but to a completely opposite reason - the choice is way too limited. The fact that even most of the recognized SEO companies simply ignored Mac and Linux users comes as a shock. There has been a lot of forum noise about how to find a mac alternative to SEO software for PC. Emotional content they add to this situation totally muddies the water. We just thought we'd see what's really cooking and spill some light on this issue until Mac and Linux users give up their chances of monetizing over the internet or head to shops for their PCs. Some of those guys were testing Web CEO and while their free version is very limited, when it came to purchasing a Pro edition, it turned out that ooops.. they've got no SEO software for mac or SEO software for Linux. They just really don't have it. Seriously, don't. Keyword Elite ignores Mac users just as surely. Neith er Web CEO nor IBP support OSX or Linux. All kidding aside, they just don't have SEO software for mac or SEO tools for Linux. There are two SEO providers among the trusted ones that actually do have SEO software for mac and Linux. Those are Market Samurai for Mac and SEO PowerSuite from Link-Assistant.Com. Market Samurai doesn't run on Linux though, so it's not a 100 % cross platform. So SEO PowerSuite is the only real cross platform SEO software for mac, Linux and Windows. Good news is that, if to choose from SEO software out there, SEO PowerSuite is a confident leader. Market Samurai has some credibility in the world of SEO, SEO PowerSuite is defining standards in SEO these days. All right, Linux users can go straight to SEO PowerSuite, grab their SEO software for Linux and kick thing into high gear. Regarding SEO software for mac we still decided to compare these two mac and Linux SEO tools for speed, productivity and search-engine-imposed blocks resistance, so that they can decide for themselves.Productivity Market Samurai still has that problem of being blocked by search engines. Just as Web CEO or IBP, who are among the leaders in SEO software providing. SEO PowerSuite is unbeatable in this aspect and this explains so much why it is the best SEO solution for mac and Linux on today's market. Not only does it support Google and Yahoo! API, Proxy Rotation and Human Emulation - all possible features that together make the SEO software for mac and Linux appear to search engines just like a living and breathing human. Besides this, LinkAssistant also has special anti-CAPTCHA service that no other software offers, this one minimizes the chances of being stopped by search engines down to less than 1%. Features Market Samurai does have some useful features if compared to, say Web CEO. The last one is not any longer the option today. However, SEO PowerSuite compared to Market samurai wins hands down. Keyword research wise: 1. Market Samurai doesn 't generate keyword reports. Apparently, SEO PowerSuite is the only SEO software for mac and Linux that does that. SEO PowerSuite can even email them to your clients automatically; it allows you to save them in PDF or upload via FTP to make them available online. This is the feature that SEO PowerSuite users adore as it saves them oodles of time. Web CEO or Market Samurai users waste this time drafting and sending out reports by hand. That's a great feature to have and absolutely a must if you are optimizing more than one website or do SEO for clients with you SEO software for mac or Linux.

2. Another bummer about Market Samurai is that it doesn't have a Task Scheduler. Keyword research and reports task can be time scheduled by nearly any other SEO software (or at least that made by world's leading SEO software companies, like Link-Assistant.Com) - they all do have this feature. Market Samurai doesn't. SEO PowerSuite software for mac and Linux does that.

3. Market Samurai has no Captcha recognition feature and does not do some other important things, like it doesn't highlight words with high KEI, doesn't have quick search through keywords and the like. SEO tools for mac and Linux from SEO PowerSuite toolkit are capable of all that. Link building wise: Market Samurai has no automatic cycle of email correspondence. That is exactly the strong point of SEO PowerSuite tools for mac and Linux. It has an inbuilt email client that manages your entire SEO correspondence within the software, has templates for any SEO related issue you might want to address your partners with and has manageable email lists. It receives and organizes emails from your clients. None of these tasks can be completed in Market Samurai. When it comes to reaching link partners which have link submission forms, SEO PowerSuite SEO tools for mac and Linux even fill those out automatically. Market Samurai never does that. Another really important part of link building is verifying if your links work for you. SEO PowerSuite makes sure your link partners link back at you. If not, it suggests options to deal with this problem. Market Samurai just doesn't care. Just as in keyword research part SEO PowerSuite allows generating link building reports, emailing, saving, printing, uploading them to the web. Not only this - SEO PowerSuite also generates link building strategies based on your competition research, which is like having an SEO assistant at hand. No other SEO software for mac, Linux or Windows does this. There's a bunch of other smaller but still crucial options that SEO PowerSuite has and Market samurai doesn't, like, searching for potential partners among sites linking to your competitors, checking link partners' Alexa rank and more. All this becomes big when summed up and clearly Market Samurai SEO software for mac and Linux can well leave you downright overwhelmed with the amount of work you have to do each day for your online business. Speed When it comes to backlink research SEO PowerSuite is like 2 times faster than Market Samurai. SEO PowerSuite software for mac and Linux is also two times faster when it comes to rank checking. If we compare SEO PowerSuite to Web CEO in this respect, the latest would be at least 5 times slower than SEO PowerSuite in rank checking and producing twice fewer results in backlink research for the same time as compared to SEO PowerSuite. But still Market Samurai obviously loses to SEO PowerSuite in this respect. WellTo sum it all up, the picture is not that hopeless - there is SEO software for mac and Linux, at least two of them for Mac OSX and one yet really powerful SEO tool for mac and Linux. SEO PowerSuite has introduced numerous features that have later appeared in other SEO software, so probably other leading companies will catch up with SEO PowerSuite in cross platform thing, however, it still beats most of the SEO software in speed, feature richness a nd productivity. Would still be the best choice for Mac users if even other SEO software companies introduced cross platform version of their software. Link-Assistant.Com seems to be approaching SEO issues from every conceivable angle. So in case you were frantically looking for SEO tools for Mac or Linux, SEO PowerSuite has you covered. SEO PowerSuite is a bundle of 4 Mac SEO tools: one that will detect and fix all flaws your website might have that affect your SEO - read web presence - negatively (WebSite Auditor), one responsible for link building , the task of discovering the best suited link partners for you and building connections (LinkAssistant), one for managing your SEO strategy based on that of your competitors (SEO SpyGlass) and one responsible for getting your website to reach its ranking potential (Rank Tracker). All four tools together are an ultimate solution to SEO and are usually bought together but you can also purchase any of them separately. They all wor k perfectly on Mac OS, Linux or Windows.