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Maybe many people have encountered such a situation that you set a password in your computer and everytime you open your machine you have to type in your password to start it. However, one day you forget your password and you have no idea how to enter a correct password to open your computer as the screenshot shown below. How will you solve it? Today we will take a look at how to change your forgotten password with the Linux System Rescue CD in Windows.

Note: Keep in mind if you are using standard Windows encryption for your files, resetting the password will permanently disable access to those files. So you should crack the password to solve it.

How to Create the System Rescue CD

On the first step, you'll need to download a copy of the System Rescue CD and burn the ISO image to disc. In this example, I choose the simple ImgBurn utility, but you are free to use whatever burning application you prefer instead.

If you are using ImgBurn, just click the Write image file to disc button.

Simple click the "File" button near Source and then pick the ISO file, then click the "Burn" button near the bottom.

Download the System Rescue CD from sysresccd.org

How to Reset Your Password

Once you have your boot CD, you'll want to boot from it, which will take you to this very informative prompt (with some basic instructions on how to use the CD.).

Firstly, we'll need to install the hard drive by using this command below.

Note: You might not need to use the -o force argument. it's only really for when the system didn't shut down correctly.

ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows -o force

After that, you can use the df -m command to make sure the drive has been mounted and that it's the right drive(Here it's mounted on /mnt/windows at this point.).

Now you'll want to change directory into the Windows/System32/config directory inside of your windows installation. For mine, the full path was something like this, but it might be different on yours:

cd /mnt/windows/Windows/System32/config

Once you are in that directory, you should see that there is a SAM file, which is where we'll want to change the passwords.

In order to change the password, we'll use the chntpw command shown below, and it's most useful to use the -l argument first to list out all the usernames in the file.

chntpw -l SAM

At this point, you can add the -u argument with your username which will end up being something like this command (except you'll want to replace geek with your username) :

chntpw -u geek SAM

This will present you with a wizard type screen:

Now maybe you want to set a new password, so just type "2 at the prompt, add in your password, then use the "y" key when prompted to save.

Now your password has been changed, so you can enter the reboot command to restart the computer (should take the disc out of the drive).

Now you can login with the new password:

Note:This way can be used in XP, Vista and Windows 7 with good results.

conclusion

It's indeed a useful and easy way for you when you have such trouble problem. Perhaps it can works for lots of people. Just have a try if you need.

Welcome to to get more information. You can visit /Detail/How-to-Use-the-Linux-System-Rescue-CD-to-Change-Your-Forgotten-Windows-Password-.html to read the original article. You can get more Windows 7 tips, Windows 7 Wallpapers, Windows 7 Software from

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History Xgl was originally developed on public mailing lists, but for a long time, until January 2, 2006 most development of Xgl was done behind closed doors. On that day the source to Xgl was re-opened to the public , and included in freedesktop.org, along with major restructuring to allow a wider range of supported display drivers. X server backends used by Xgl include Xglx and Xegl. In February 2006 the server gained wide publicity after a public display where the Novell desktop team demonstrated a desktop using Xgl with several visual effects such as translucent windows and a rotating 3D desktop. The effects had first been implemented in a composite manager called glxcompmgr (not to be confused with xcompmgr), now deprecated because several effects could not be adequately implemented without tighter interaction between the window manager and the composite manager. As a solution David Reveman developed Compiz, the first proper OpenGL compositing window manager for the X Window System. Later, in September 2006, the Beryl compositing window manager was released as a fork of the original Compiz. Compiz and Beryl have merged back in April 2007, which resulted in the development of Compiz Fusion. Backends OpenGL does not specify how to initialize a display and manipulate drawing contexts. Instead these operations are handled by an API specific to the native windowing system. So far there are two different backend approaches to solving this initialization problem. Most likely the majority of each backend will contain the same code and the differences will primarily be in the initialization portions of the servers. Xglx Xglx was the first backend implemented for this architecture. It requires an already existing X server to run on top of and uses GLX to create an OpenGL window which Xgl then uses, similar to Xnest. This mode is only intended to be used for development in the future, as it is redundant to require an X server to run Xgl on top of. At XDevConf 2006 (the 2006 X development conference), NVIDIA made a presentation arguing that this is the wrong direction to take because the layered server abstracts features of the cards away. This makes driver specific capabilities like support for 3D glasses and dual monitor support much more difficult. However, delegating initialization to an existing X server allows the developers to immediately focus on server functionality rather than dedicating substantial time to specifics of interfacing with numerous video hardware. At the moment, Xglx does not officially support multiple monitors, although it has been achieved on Ubuntu Dapper / ATI / NVIDIA (twinview). Xegl Xegl was said[who?] to be the future of Xgl and a long term goal of X server development. It shares much of the drawing code with the Xglx server, but the initialization of the OpenGL drawable and context management is handled by the EGL API developed by Khronos (EGL is a window system-independent equivalent to the GLX and WGL APIs, which respectively enable OpenGL support in X and Microsoft Windows). The current implementation uses Mesa-solo to provide OpenGL rendering directly to the Linux framebuffer or DRI to the graphics hardware. As of July 2007[update] Xegl can only be run using Radeon R200 graphics hardware and development is currently stalled. It is likely that it will remain so until the Xglx server has proven itself and the closed source drivers add support for the EGL API, when it should be a transparent replacement for the nested Xglx server. Rationale Structuring all rendering on top of OpenGL could potentially simplify video driver development. It removes the artificial separation of 2D and 3D acceleration. This is advantageous as 2D operations are frequently unaccelerated (which is counterintuitive, since 2D is a subset of 3D). It also removes all driver-dependent code from the X server itself, and allows for accelerated Composite and Render operations independen t of the graphics driver. Competitors Hardware acceleration of 2D drawing operations has been a common feature of many window systems (including X11) for many years. The novelty of Xgl and similar systems is the use of APIs specifically developed for 3D rendering for accelerating 2D desktop operations. Prior to the adoption of anti-aliased drawing by X11, the use of 3D rendering APIs for 2D desktop rendering was undesirable because such APIs did not make the pixel accurate rendering guarantees that are part of the original X11 protocol definition. Hardware-accelerated OpenGL window and desktop rendering, limited to using OpenGL for texture composition, has been in use in Mac OS X, in a technology called Quartz Extreme, since Mac OS X v10.2. Quartz 2D Extreme is an enhancement of this feature and more directly comparable to Xgl. Like Xgl, Quartz 2D Extreme brings OpenGL acceleration to all 2D drawing operations (not just desktop compositing) and ships with Mac OS X v10.4, but is disabled by default pending a formal declaration of production-readiness. Core Animation is the extension of this effort for Leopard (Mac OS X v10.5). Several desktop interfaces based on 3D APIs have been developed, more recently OpenCroquet and Sun Microsystems' Project Looking Glass ; these take advantage of 3D acceleration for software built within their own framework, but do not appear to accelerate existing 2D desktop applications rendered within their environment (often via mechanisms like VNC). Microsoft developed a similar technology based on DirectX, named the DWM, as part of its Windows Vista operating system. This technology was first shown publicly at Microsoft's October 2003 PDC. Availability As of May 2006[update], the Xgl X Server (and related components including the Compiz compositing manager and associated graphical config tools) ships as a non-default in one major Linux distribution, SUSE 10.1, and is included in Frugalware Linux or SUSE Linux Enterpri se Desktop 10. Xgl can be set up fairly easily for Ubuntu 6.06 LTS (Dapper Drake) and 6.10 (Edgy Eft) and for Freespire with binary packages from unofficial repositories. Xgl is also available as an overlayed package in Gentoo Linux, and as a PKGBUILD for Arch Linux. The latest Mandriva Linux 2007 includes official packages to run Compiz, using Xgl and AIGLX. Mandriva provides drak3d, a tool to configure a 3D Desktop in two clicks. Ubuntu 6.10 "Edgy Eft" and later use AIGLX, not Xgl, by default. If AIGLX or NVIDIA's implementation of accelerated indirect rendering can be used, there is no need to use Xgl. Xgl is not needed for any Intel graphics chipset from 810 onwards, NVIDIA GeForce 3 to GeForce 7 (through the official 9629 driver), and ATI cards with AIGLX support (through either the free radeon or the non-free fglrx drivers). References ^ XGL Version Info ^ ALGIX, Nvidia, XGL and metacity ^ Latest XGL Code ^ Novell's XGL Code posted ^ Novell Public Release XGL Code ^ SU SE XGL ^ OpenSUSE XGL resources ^ /developer/presentations/2006/xdevconf/compositing-with-current-framework.pdf ^ /graphics.html ^ /?p=xorg/xserver.git;a=history;h=master;hb=master;f=hw/xgl/egl/xegl.c See also X Window System AIGLX VirtualGL OpenGL Compiz Beryl External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Compiz Xgl Xegl Announcement of Xgl on the xorg mailing list Accelerated X flame wars!aybe not an article about the differences between AIGLX and Xgl EGL specifications Article: The State of Linux Graphics overview of various approaches to replace the current X server HOWTO, forums, support openSUSE wiki for Xgl Xgl HowTos: Novell, Ubuntu, Debian Etch, Gentoo Linux How-to install XGL on Fedora 5/6/7 Xgl Beryl and Compiz on Fedora Screenshots, screencast, demo video Novell Xgl announcement including video and screenshots Novell Open Audio podcast Xgl with David Reveman 7 April 2006, discusses the basics and future of Xgl and Compiz Videos of Xgl on SUSE Linux Enter prise Desktop 10 Slides, screenshots and a video with more effects the video demonstrating Compiz on Xgl Another Xgl Video Mandriva 3D Video v d e X Window System Architecture Core Protocol Xlib X Window selection X window manager X session manager X display manager X Toolkit X Window authorization Intrinsics X11 color names Window managers Re-parenting Compositing Stacking Tiling Extensions X Image Extension X keyboard extension X video extension Shape extension Shared memory extension AIGLX GLX XRender MPX DPS Notable Implementations Cygwin/X KDrive X11.app X.Org Server X-Win32 X386 XFree86 XGGI XDarwin Xming Xsun Xgl Standards ICCCM EWMH XDS freedesktop.org Applications xcalc xclock xedit xload xterm xeyes Desktop environments Categories: Freedesktop.org | X Window extensions | OpenGLHidden categories: All articles with specifically-marked weasel-worded phrases | Articles with specifically-marked weasel-worded phrases from May 2009 | Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007 | All articles containing potentially dated statements | Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006

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LVM (Logical Volume Manager) is a part of Linux operating system kernel, which manages hard drives and other mass storage devices. It is a way of allocating disk space into various volumes, which can easily be resized or extended instead of hard drive partitions. You can not place Linux /boot/ partition on logical volume group as it is not readable by the Linux boot loader.

You can easily extend a logical volume, using lvextend utility. It also supports extension of the snapshot logical volumes. Before you proceed for extending a Linux volume, you must first create an absolute backup of entire volume. In case the logical volume extending process gets interrupted or halted, you may lose access to logical volumes and encounter data loss. At this point, you have to opt for Linux data recovery software to get your valuable data back.

The lvextend command-line utility, offers you the following options to perform a series of operations on your logical volume-

-l, -extents [+]LogicalExtentsNumber[%{VG|LV|FREE}]: It sets or extends the size of volume in units of the logical extents. With + sign, value is contributed to actual size of volume and without this, value is accepted as absolute one.

-L, -size [+]LogicalVolumeSize[kKmMgGtTpPeE]: Sets or extends size of LV in the units of MB. The size postfix of M for MB (Megabytes), G for GB (Gigabytes), T for TB (Terabytes), P for PB (Petabytes), or E for EB (Exabytes) is elective.

-i, -stripes Stripes: Provides number of the stripes for extension. This option is not usable with the logical volumes, which use original metadata LVM format that must use single value throughout.

-I, -stripesize StripeSize: Provides number of the kilobytes for granularity of stripes. It does not work on volumes, which use original metadata LVM format that must use single value throughout.

All the above options are very useful in modifying a logical volume. However, serious problems occur if the process is interrupted due to any reasons, such as system crash, power outages, improper system shutdown, and user error. In such cases, the volume can not be accessed and you encounter severe data loss, which require Linux recovery to be fixed.

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Linux operating system is considered as one of the best reliable OS in today's world.Being open source it is cost effective with no licensing fee, also it is one of the most stable operating system on server side.Let's find out the advantages of Linux web hostingLow Cost:

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Linux is very stable operating system. A Linux server can stay up for a year or more, which is not possible in window machine.

Most widely used:Because of low cost and high reliability Linux is being used widely. This helps in website maintenance.Usually you can find easy fixes and solutions of problems, because of its wide usage.Cross platform product:Linux offers many cross platform products. You can run Linux web server and database servers on Windows machine. Thus you can run both window and Linux applications altogether on one machine.

Light Weigh:Linux is light weight operating system and hence it consumes low hardware resources as compared to other operating system. This further improves the performance and reduces the technology cost.

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Being open source, you have full control over code compilation. You can compile kernel or whole code according to your own choice and needs. This makes the linux as highly customizable for different solutions.

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